Soen, Jopie Meiske and Dr.agr. Nunun Barunawati, SP., MP and Dr. Mochammad Roviq, SP., M.P (2023) Pengaruh Dosis Nitrogen dan Sulfur terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Varietas Selayar. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Gandum merupakan tanaman serealia yang bijinya dimanfaatkan untuk dijadikan tepung terigu. Kebutuhan gandum di Indonesia belum dapat menyeimbangi kebutuhan gandum. Tercatat impor gandum pada tahun 2021 sebesar 11,17 juta ton atau setara US$3,45 miliar. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil gandum ialah nutrisi yang dapat bersumber dari pemupukan. Nitrogen sebagai komponen asam amino dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum. Selain itu, sulfur yang berperan dalam sintesis asam amino sistein dan metionin juga akan berpengaruh terhadap laju fotosintesis. Sulfur juga dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan nitrogen sehingga mampu mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum. Salah satu varietas gandum yang dapat dibudidayakan ialah gandum varietas Selayar karena bersifat adaptif dan mampu tumbuh di iklim Indonesia sebagai negara tropis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - Juni 2023 di Desa Dadaprejo, Kec. Junrejo, Kota Batu, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian terletak pada ketinggian ± 650 mdpl dengan suhu harian berkisar antara 21-24 ℃ dan curah hujan rata-rata 194 mm/bulan. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah meteran dan klorofil meter SPAD. Bahan yang digunakan adalah gandum varietas Selayar, polybag ukuran 40x40 cm, pupuk urea, pupuk ZK, pupuk SP-36 dengan dosis 75 kg ha-1 , pupuk KCl dengan dosis 15 kg ha-1, dan pupuk kandang kambing dosis 20 ton ha-1 . Penelitian merupakan percobaan faktorial dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama ialah dosis pupuk N terdiri dari empat taraf yakni 100 kg ha-1 , 150 kg ha-1 , 200 kg ha-1 dan 250 kg ha-1 . Fakor kedua ialah dosis pemupukan Sulfur yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yakni 20 kg ha-1 , 30 kg ha-1 , dan 40 kg ha-1 . Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan sehingga didapatkan 36 satuan kombinasi percobaan. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 24 sampel sehingga terdapat total 864 tanaman sampel. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) atau uji F pada taraf 5%. Hasil yang berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan antar perlakuan menggunakan uji lanjut BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi antara pemupukann nitrogen dan sulfur terhadap bobot 1000 biji, bobot biji per rumpun, dan bobot kering tanaman gandum. Aplikasi N dan S sebesar 200 kg ha-1 dan 30 kg ha-1 meningkatkan bobot biji per rumpun, bobot 1000 biji, dan bobot kering tanaman gandum sebesar 72,22%, 29,76%, dan 19,99%. Peningkatan dosis N dan S mampu meningkatkan panjang tanaman dan jumlah daun per rumpun tanaman gandum.
English Abstract
Wheat is a cereal plant where the seeds are used to make wheat flour. The wheat production in Indonesia has been incapable to balance the demand. It was recorded that Indonesia imported wheat in 2021 of 11.17 million tonnes or the equivalent of US$3.45 billion. Factors that affect the growth and yield of wheat are nutrients that can be sourced from fertilization. Nitrogen as a component of amino acids can increase the growth and yield of wheat. In addition, sulfur which plays a role in the synthesis of the amino acids cysteine and methionine will also affect the photosynthesis rate of plant. Sulfur can also increase the effectiveness of using nitrogen so as to optimize the growth and yield of wheat. One of the wheat varieties that can be cultivated is the Selayar variety because it is adaptive and able to grow in the climate of Indonesia as a tropical country. The research was carried out in February - June 2023 in Dadaprejo Village, Junrejo District, Batu City, East Java. The research was located at an altitude of ± 650 meters above sea level with daily temperatures ranging from 21-24 ℃ and an average rainfall of 194 mm/month. The tools that were used in the research are tape measure and SPAD chlorophyll meter. The materials that were used were Selayar variety of wheat, 40x40 cm polybag, urea fertilizer, ZK fertilizer, SP-36 fertilizer at a dose of 75 kg ha-1 , KCl fertilizer at a dose of 15 kg ha-1 , and 20 ton ha-1 of goat manure. The method used was factorial experiment designed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of N fertilizer consisted of four levels namely 100 kg ha-1 , 150 kg ha-1 , 200 kg ha-1 , and 250 kg ha-1 . The second factor is the dose of sulfur which consisted of three levels, namely 0 kg ha-1 , 20 kg ha-1 , and 40 kg ha-1 . There were 12 treatment combinations so that 36 experimental combination units were obtained. Each treatment consisted of 24 plants so that there were total of 864 plant samples. Data analysis used ANOVA or F test at the 5% level. Significantly different results were followed by a comparison test between treatments using a 5% Honestly Significant Difference for further testing. The results shows there is an interaction between nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on 1000-grain weight, weight of grains per clump, and dry weight. N and S application of 200 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1 increase weight of grains per clump, 1000-grain weight and dry weight of wheat plants by 72.22%, 29.76% and 19.99%. Increasing the dose of N and S increase plant length and number of leaves significantly
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | maria |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 07:11 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 07:11 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210272 |
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