Yamaniar, Farah Yaquta and Dr. Anton Muhibuddin,, S.P., M.P. and Antok Wahyu Sektiono,, S.P., M.P. (2023) Uji Potensi Antagonisme Jamur Penicillium spp. Isolat UB Forest terhadap Jamur Patogen Fusarium sp. dan Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit pada Tanaman Cabai secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai (Capsicum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat di Indonesia, hal ini karena cabai banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai bahan penyedap dan pelengkap menu hidangan, serta bumbu utama dalam campuran berbagai olahan makanan sehingga dapat menciptakan rasa pedas yang sesuai dengan selera masyarakat Indonesia. Namun saat ini produktivitas cabai di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah (tahun 2019 jumlah produsi cabai menurun 9.33% dari 712.9 ton), hal tersebut disebabkan oleh banyak kendala yaitu adanya serangan penyakit yang mengakibatkan terjadinya kehilangan hasil. Penyakit layu fusarium merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Fusarium sp. yang menyerang tanaman melalui akar yang dalam kondisi terdapat luka sehingga mampu menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hinggan mencapai 50%, serta penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh serangan jamur patogen Colletotrichum sp. yang menyebabkan turunnya produktivitas dari tanaman cabai baik dari kualitas maupun kuantitas hingga mencapai kisaran 45-60%. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya mulai bulan Desember-Juni 2023. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua isolat UB Forest Penicillium spp. yaitu Penicillium sp (UBRh.P7) dan Penicillium sp. (UBRh.P6) sebagai jamur antagonis, serta jamur Fusarium sp. dan Colletotrichum sp. sebagai jamur patogen. Parameter pengamatan pada penelitian ini adalah pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis, perhitungan persentase daya hambat, serta mekanisme antagonis. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan analisis Uji T untuk mengetahui perbedaan daya hambat antara masing-masing jamur antagonis dengan patogen, serta melakukan analisis secara deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan morfologi jamur antagonis dan jamur patogen yang digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua isolat Penicillium spp. tergolong efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kedua. Hasil uji antagonis terhadap patogen Fusarium sp. dengan persentase tertinggi pada jamur antagonis kode isolat UBRh.P7 adalah 16.96% dan pada kode isolat UBRh.P6 adalah 30.34%. Sedangkan, hasil uji kedua isolat Penicillium spp. terhadap Colletotrichum sp. dengan persentase tertinggi pada jamur antagonis kode isolat UBRh.P7 adalah 20.29%, dan pada kode isolat UBRh.P6 adalah 31.58%. Mekanisme antagonis yang ditemukan pada Penicillium sp. kode isolat UBRh.P7 terhadap Fusarium sp. adalah kompetisi, sedangkan pada isolat UBRh.P6 terhadap Fusarium sp. adalah antibiosis. Sedangkan, mekanisme pada Penicillium spp. pada kode isolat UBRh.P7 dan UBRh.P6 terhadap Colletotrichum sp. adalah kompetisi.
English Abstract
Chili (Capsicum L.) is a plant commodity that is in great demand by many people in Indonesia because it is widely used by the natives as a flavoring ingredient and a complement to menu dishes, as well as the main seasoning in a mixture of various processed foods to create an Indonesian spicy. However, the productivity of chili in Indonesia is still relatively low (in 2019 the number of chili production decreased by 9.33% from 712.9 tons) caused by many obstacles like the presence of disease that results in yield loss. Fusarium wilt disease is caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium sp. which attacks plants through the roots in some condition, where there are wounds that can cause yield losses of up to 50%, as well as anthracnose disease caused by the attack of the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sp., which causes a decrease in the productivity of chili plants both in terms of quality and quantity to reach the range of 45-60%. This research was conducted at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya from December to June 2023. The research was conducted with two isolates of UB Forest Penicillium spp. namely Penicillium sp (UBRh.P7) and Penicillium sp. (UBRh.P6) as an antagonist fungi, as well as Fusarium sp. and Colletotrichum sp. as a fungal pathogen. The observation parameters in this study were macroscopic and microscopic observations, calculating the percentage of inhibition, and antagonistic mechanisms. The study was conducted in vitro using T-test analysis to determine differences in inhibition between antagonistic and pathogenic fungi, as well as descriptive analysis to describe the morphology of the antagonistic and pathogenic fungi used in the study. The results showed that the two isolates of Penicillium spp. classified as effective in inhibiting second growth, and for the results of the antagonist test against the pathogen Fusarium sp. with the highest percentage in the antagonistic fungi coded isolate UBRh.P7 was 16.96% and the isolate coded UBRh.P6 was 30.34%. Therefore, the test results of the two isolates of Penicillium spp. against Colletotrichum sp. with the highest percentage in antagonistic fungi coded isolate UBRh.P7 was 20.29%, and in isolate coded UBRh.P6 was 31.58%. The antagonistic mechanism found in Penicillium sp. code isolate UBRh.P7 against Fusarium sp. was called competition, while UBRh.P6 isolate against Fusarium sp. is an antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mechanism of Penicillium spp. on the code isolates UBRh.P7 and UBRh.P6 against Colletotrichum sp. also called as competition.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052034 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 04:58 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 04:58 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210120 |
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