Lestari, Izatul Fadilah Widia and Prof. Ir. Didik Suprayogo, M.Sc., Ph.D (2023) Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) akibat Perbedaan Pemberian Air Irigasi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kabupaten Lumajang merupakan wilayah agraris yang pertumbuhan ekonominya ditunjang oleh tanaman hortikultura seperti tomat, cabai, daun bawang, terung, kacang panjang, pisang, kubis, dan lain-lain. Diantara komoditas tersebut terindikasi ada penurunan hasil produksi tanaman tomat. Salah satu kemungkinan penyebab menurunnya produksi ini adalah sistem distribusi air yang dilakukan petani kurang efektif dengan jadwal irigasi yang tidak menentu. Akibatnya, tanah akan mengalami defisit air (kekurangan air) saat musim kemarau dan mengalami surplus air (kelebihan air) jika turun hujan. Kelembaban tanah dalam menyiram tanaman perlu diperhatikan karena tanah memiliki kemampuan menyimpan air yang berbeda-beda. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan air tanaman tomat perlu diperhitungkan dengan tepat. Perhitungan kebutuhan air tanaman tomat dengan cropwat 8.0 ini dimaksudkan sebagai dasar dalam menentukan jumlah air yang sesuai dengan tanaman tomat yang kemudian diuji cobakan beberapa macam persentase dari hasil cropwat 8.0 sehingga akan diketahui persentase berapa tanaman tomat dapat menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan produksi terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan volume air yang dapat mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat dan menguji sensitivitas tanaman akibat kekeringan dan kebasahan irigasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Bulan Oktober 2022 sampai Januari 2023 di wilayah Desa Sentul, Kecamatan Sumbersuko, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) atau Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu Vo: kontrol, V1: volume air 50%, V2: volume air 75%, V3: volume air 100%, V4: volume air 125%, V5: volume air 150% dari kebutuhan air tanaman tomat hasil simulasi cropwat 8.0. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar air tanah (%), tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai), waktu berbunga (HST), waktu berbuah (HST), jumlah buah, bobot/buah, dan bobot buah/tanaman. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) uji F di taraf 5%. Dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan atau Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) di taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian volume air berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air tanah umur 4 dan 7 mst; tinggi tanaman umur 3, 4, 5, dan 6 mst; jumlah daun umur 4 dan 5 mst, jumlah buah, bobot/buah, dan bobot buah/tanaman. Namun pemberian volume air tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu berbunga dan waktu berbuah. Perlakuan pemberian airi irigasi 100% mampu mengoptimalkan parameter-parameter pertumbuhan, sedangkan parameter-parameter produksi optimal di perlakuan pemberian air irigasi 75%. Tanaman tomat sensitif terhadap kebasahan air irigasi selama fase vegetatif. Sedangkan fase generatif tanaman tomat lebih sensitif terhadap kekeringan air irigasi.
English Abstract
Lumajang Regency is an agricultural area whose economic development is supported by horticultural plants such as tomatoes, chilies, leeks, eggplant, long beans, bananas, cabbage, etc. Among these commodities, indicated that there was a decrease in production yields of tomato plants. One of the possible causes for this decline in production is the water distribution system used by farmers is less effective with an uncertain irrigation schedule. As a result, the land will have a water deficit (water shortage) during the dry season and a surplus of water (excess water) if it rains. Soil moisture in watering plants needs to be considered because the soil has different water storage capacities. Thus, the water needs of tomato plants should be calculated properly. The calculation of tomato’s water needs with cropwat 8.0 is intended as a basis for determining amount of water that is suitable for tomato plants which is then tested for various percentages of cropwat 8.0 results, so that it will be known at which one percentage of tomato plants can show the best growth and production. This study aims to determine the appropriate volume of water for tomato plants that can provide optimal growth and yield of tomato plant. This research will be carried out from October 2022 to January 2023 in Sentul Village, Sumbersuko District, Lumajang Regency, East Java. This research will be done by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments, those are Vo: control, V1: 50% water volume. , V3: 75% water volume, V4: 100% water volume, V5: 125% water volume, and V6: 150% water volume from the cropwat simulation results for tomato plants. Parameters observed included soil water content (%), plant height (cm), number of leaves (strands), flowering time (DAP), fruiting time (DAP), number of fruit, weight/fruit, and weight fruit/plant. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F test at the 5% level. Followed by Duncan test (DNMRT) at the 5% level. The results of this study indicate that the application of water volume has a significant effect on soil water content at the age of 4 and 7 WAP; plant height of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mst; number of leaves at 4 and 5 weeks old, number of fruit, weight/fruit, and fruit/plant weight. However, giving the volume of water did not significantly affect the flowering time and fruiting time. The treatment of 100% irrigation water was able to optimize growth parameters, while the optimal production parameters in the treatment of 75% irrigation water. Tomato plants are sensitive to wetting irrigation water during the vegetative phase. Meanwhile, the generative phase of tomato plants is more sensitive to drought of irrigation water.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ihwan |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 04:41 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 04:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/210081 |
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