Oldisya, Oldisya and Dr. Budi Waluyo,, S.P., M.P. (2023) Keragaman Morfologi Bunga dan Keberhasilan Persilangan Intraspesies pada Ercis (Pisum sativum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai nutrisi tinggi seperti karbohidrat sebanyak 36,1 g, protein 13,7 g, lemak 8 g, asam askorbat 54 mg, kalsium 45 mg, dan fosfor 29 mg. Tanaman ercis mempunyai kadar manfaat bagi tubuh manusia untuk menurunkan kolesterol, meremajakan kulit dan mencegah osteoporosis. Selain itu, ercis mengandung vitamin A, vitamin B1 dan vitamin C. Ercis berpotensi di Indonesia karena pada beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan permintaan ercis, karena masyarakat sudah banyak peduli akan kesehatan dan mengetahui bahwa kandungan baik untuk tubuh. Namun ketersediaan ercis di Indonesia masih belum cukup untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar tersebut, dikarenakan masih minimnya budidaya ercis di Indonesia. Demi memenuhi permintaan pasar perlu dilakukan kegiatan budidaya dengan memperbanyak varietas unggul dari hasil kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman yaitu, melalui persilangan antar genotipe dimana dalam proses persilangan ini dapat membuat adanya keragaman dari karakteristik morfologi bunga ercis yang disilangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengetahui keragaman dari morfologi bunga ercis yang dilakukan dengan observasi pada bagian-bagian, hipotesis yang didapatkan ialah keragaman morfologi dari empat genotipe ercis dan keberhasilan persilangan intraspesies pada ercis yang bervariasi. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2022-Januari 2023 yang bertempat di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Jatimulyo, Malang, Jawa Timur. Bahan yang digunakan adalah 4 genotipe ercis berbeda yaitu G1 (BW 2505), G2 (BTG-1), G3 (BW 2102) dan G4 (TMG 1-3-6). . Proses analisis menggunakan statistika deskriptif yang menggunakan pola perkawinan diallel lengkap sehingga dapat melihat tingkat keberhasilan persilangan. Setelah itu dapat membandingkan jumlah persilangan yang dilakukan dengan keberhasilan terbentuknya polong dan biji. Faktor perubahan morfologi juga dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang menyerbuk sendiri. Hasil persilangan tersebut dapat menghasilkan informasi tentang fenomena xenia yang mencakup dari karakteristik polong dan biji pada ercis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat keragaman morfologi bunga ercis baik itu dari segi ukuran pada setiap bagian, warna bunga dan pengaruh terhadap pembentukan polong yang mengacu pada keberhasilan persilangan. Seri persilangan yang memiliki persentase keberhasilan > 50% terdapat pada seri persilangan 2 (G2 x G1) dengan rerata persentase keberhasilan sebanyak 54% dan keberhasilan terendah terdapat pada seri persilangan 10 (G3 x G4) dengan rerata persentase keberhasilan hanya 8%. Keberhasilan persilangan memicu adanya perubahan bentuk, ukuran, warna dan bobot pada polong dan biji. Keberhasilan polong dari 12 seri persilangan tertinggi terdapat pada seri 1,2,4,5,7 dan 11 yang memiliki persentase 100%, persentase keberhasilan biji terdapat pada seri persilangan 1 (G1 x G2), 2 (G2 x G3), 5 (G4 x G1) dan 7 (G1 x G4) yaitu 50%, 54%, 51% dan 52%. Perubahan karakter bentuk polong terdapat pada seri persilangan 5, 7 dan 10, lalu perbedaan warna terdapat pada seri persilangan 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 dan 11. Perubahan pada karakter bentuk biji terdapat pada seri persilangan 9 dan 10. Hal ini mengartikan, terdapat pengaruh fenomena xenia dalam perubahan polong dan biji hasil dari 12 seri persilangan. Dalam penelitian ini, hanya menyimpulkan pengaruh xenia dari perubahan ukuran, bentuk, warna dan bobot pada polong dan biji, dikarenakan dari beberapa sumber penelitian yang telah dikaji terkait xenia, belum ada yang dapat menjelaskan secara rinci kemunculan fenomena xenia selain dari bentuk, ukuran, warna dan bobot pada buah dan biji.
English Abstract
Ercis (Pisum sativum L.) is a plant that has high nutrients such as carbohydrates as much as 36.1 g, protein 13.7 g, fat 8 g, ascorbic acid 54 mg, calcium 45 mg, and phosphorus 29 mg. Pea plants have levels of benefits for the human body to lower cholesterol, rejuvenate the skin and prevent osteoporosis. In addition, peas contain vitamins A, B1 and vitamin C. Peas have potential in Indonesia because in recent years there has been an increase in demand for peas, because people care a lot about health and know that the ingredients are good for the body. However, the availability of pea in Indonesia is still not enough to meet market demand, due to the lack of pea cultivation in Indonesia. In order to meet market demand, it is necessary to carry out cultivation activities by increasing superior varieties from the results of plant breeding activities, namely, through crosses between genotypes where in this cross process can create diversity in the morphological characteristics of the pea flowers that are crossed. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of pea flower morphology by observing the sections. The hypothesis obtained was the morphological diversity of the four pea genotypes and the success of intraspecies crosses on various peas. The research was carried out in October 2022-January 2023 which took place at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Jatimulyo, Malang, East Java. The materials used were 4 different pea genotypes namely G1 (BW 2505), G2 (BTG-1), G3 (BW 2102) and G4 (TMG 1- 3-6). The analysis process uses descriptive statistics using complete diallel mating patterns so that the success rate of crosses can be seen. After that, you can compare the number of crosses that were carried out with the success of the formation of pods and seeds. Morphological change factors were also compared with self-pollinated plants. The results of these crosses can provide information about the xenia phenomenon which includes the characteristics of the pods and seeds on peas. The results of the study showed that there were variations in the morphology of pea flowers, both in terms of the size of each part, the color of the flowers and the effect on the formation of pods which referred to the success of the crosses. The cross series that has a success percentage of > 50% is in the 2nd cross series (G2 x G1) with an average success percentage of 54% and the lowest success is in the 10th cross series (G3 x G4) with an average success percentage of only 8%. The successful crosses triggered changes in the shape, size, color and weight of the pods and seeds. The success of the pods from the 12 series of crosses was highest in series 1,2,4,5,7 and 11 which had a percentage of 100%, the percentage of successful seeds was in the series of crosses 1 (G1 x G2), 2 (G2 x G3), 5 ( G4 x G1) and 7 (G1 x G4) namely 50%, 54%, 51% and 52%. Changes in the character of the pod shape were found in series 5, 7 and 10, then differences in color were found in series 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 11. Changes in the character of the shape of the seeds were found in series 9 and 10. This means, there is the influence of the xenia phenomenon in the changes in pods and seeds resulting from 12 series of crosses. In this study, only concluded the effect of xenia from changes in size, shape, color and weight in pods and seeds, because from several research sources that have been studied related to xenia, no one has been able to explain in detail the appearance of the xenia phenomenon apart from shape, size, color and fruit and seed weight.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ismiatun |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Jan 2024 03:22 |
| Last Modified: | 15 Jan 2024 03:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/209832 |
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