Haura Danya, Nafisya and Akhmad Rizali,, S.P., M.SI., Ph.D. (2023) Hubungan Komposisi Lanskap dan Cara Budidaya Tanaman Kubis terhadap Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Parasitoid Hymenoptera. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kubis (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani di Indonesia. Tingginya nilai jual kubis dan kesadaran masyarakat akan manfaat kandungannya membuatnya menjadi sumber pendapatan yang cukup tinggi. Meskipun produksi kubis sebagian besar baik, Penurunan produksi di Provinsi Jawa Timur pada tahun 2021 disebabkan oleh masalah hama pada tanaman kubis yang menghambat produksi dan merugikan para petani. Dalam mengatasi masalah hama, pemahaman petani tentang peran musuh alami seperti parasitoid menjadi penting karna perannya yg besar thd pengendalian hama dan memberikan alternatif yg lbh ramah lingkungan. keanekaragaman serta kelimpahan parasitoid hymenoptera dapat dipengaruhi oleh Faktor Cara budidaya,kondisi habitat, komposisi lanskap. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik lanskap di lokasi penelitian, mengetahui keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, serta komposisi parasitoid, mengetahui pengaruh dari cara budidaya, kondisi habitat serta komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan parasitoid. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di 12 lahan pertanaman kubis dengan 4 lokasi yaitu Kecamatan Pujon, Kecamatan Tumpang, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, dan Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur mulai dari November 2022 hingga Mei 2023. Penentuan lokasi penelitian ditentukan dengan jarak minimal 1 km antar lahan. Kemudian dilakukan pemetaan lanskap yang diawali tahapan ground survey dengan radius 500 m pada setiap titik pengamatan dan dilakukan georeferencing serta digitasi lanskap menggunakan QGIS. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak empat kali tepatnya yaitu pada umur kubis 2 MST, 4 MST, 6 MST, dan 8 MST menggunakan Yellow Pan Trap. Identifikasi dan dokumentasi parasitoid Hymenoptera dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop stereo dan buku acuan Hymenoptera of The World. Pengambilan data pendukung dilakukan melalui proses wawancara mengenai data sejarah lahan, cara budidaya, serta aplikasi pupuk, pestisida, dan insektisida. Data yang sudah diperoleh kemudian ditabulasikan dalam Microsoft Excel. Guna mengetahui pengaruh dari cara budidaya dan kondisi habitat dilakukan dengan analisis regresi. Analisis kemiripan komposisi parasitoid dilakukan menggunakan analisis kesamaan ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity). Hubungan antara komposisi lanskap yang terdiri dari NumP dan CA terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan parasitoid Hymenoptera dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis GLM (Generalized Linear Model). Pada hasil penelitian ditemukan berbagai macam karakteristik lanskap yaitu adanya enam tipe penggunaan lahan, seperti pertanian, perkebunan, habitat alami, pemukiman, industri, dan lahan terbuka. Karakteristik lanskap pada lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh tipe penggunaan lahan habitat alami dan lahan pertanian. Jumlah keanekaragaman spesies terbanyak adalah Braconidae (Braconidae sp.4) dan Scelionidae (Scelionidae sp.2). Jumlah individu paling melimpah yaitu dari Famili Tetracampidae. Cara budidaya seperti umur tanaman kubis berpengaruh positif terhadap keanekaragaman parasitoid Hymenoptera. Sementara itu, cara budidaya seperti pengaplikasian insektisida dan kondisi habitat tidak berpengaruh baik terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan parsitoid Hymenotpera. Komposisi lanskap pada skala lanskap yaitu NumP pertanian dan skala lahan seperti umur tanaman kubis memberikan pengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman parasitoid Hymenoptera. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa parasitoid Hymenoptera lebih dipengaruhi oleh skala lahan daripada skala lanskap.
English Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata) is a vegetable commodity that is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. The high selling value of cabbage and public awareness of the benefits of its ingredients make it a source of income that is quite high. Even though cabbage production is mostly good, the decline in production in East Java Province in 2021 is caused by pest problems in cabbage plants which hinder production and harm farmers. In overcoming pest problems, farmers' understanding of the role of natural enemies such as parasitoids is important because of their major role in pest control and providing alternatives that are more environmentally friendly. the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids can be influenced by factors such as cultivation methods, and habitat conditions, landscape composition. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of knowing the characteristics of the landscape at the study site, knowing the diversity, abundance, and composition of parasitoids, knowing the effect of cultivation methods, habitat conditions, and landscape composition on parasitoid diversity and abundance. Research activities were carried out in 12 cabbage planting areas in 4 locations, namely Pujon District, Tumpang District, Poncokusumo District, and Purwodadi District, Malang Regency, East Java from November 2022 to May 2023. The location for the research was determined by a minimum distance of 1 km between fields. Then a landscape mapping was carried out starting with the ground survey stage with a radius of 500 m at each observation point and georeferencing and digitizing the landscape using QGIS. Sampling was carried out exactly four times, namely at the ages of 2 MST, 4 MST, 6 MST, and 8 MST cabbage using the Yellow Pan Trap. Identification and documentation of Hymenoptera parasitoids was carried out using a stereo microscope and the Hymenoptera of the World reference book. Supporting data collection was carried out through an interview process regarding data on the history of the land, cultivation methods, and the application of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides. The data that has been obtained is then tabulated in Microsoft Excel. In order to determine the effect of cultivation methods and habitat conditions, regression analysis was carried out. Similarity analysis of parasitoid composition was performed using ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity) analysis. The relationship between landscape composition consisting of NumP and CA and the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids was carried out using GLM (Generalized Linear Model) analysis. The results of the study found various kinds of landscape characteristics, namely the existence of six types of land use, such as agriculture, plantations, natural habitats, settlements, industry, and open land. Landscape characteristics at the study site are dominated by land use types of natural habitats and agricultural land. The highest number of species diversity is Braconidae (Braconidae sp.4) and Scelionidae (Scelionidae sp.2). The most abundant number of individuals is from the Tetracampidae family. Cultivation methods such as the age of cabbage plants have a positive effect on the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids. Meanwhile, cultivation methods such as application of insecticides and habitat conditions had no effect on the diversity and abundance of Hymenotpera parsitoids. The composition of the landscape at the landscape scale, namely the agricultural NumP and the land scale, such as the age of the cabbage plant, has an influence on the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids. It can be concluded that Hymenoptera parasitoids are more influenced by the land scale than the landscape scale.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ismiatun |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 07:16 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 07:16 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208464 |
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