Ariska., Ayu Putri and Yulia Nuraini, MS and Sri Rahayu Utami., SP., M.Sc (2023) Dampak Erupsi Gunung Semeru terhadap Populasi Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat pada Tanah Tertimbun Abu Vulkanik. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Erupsi Gunung Semeru yang terjadi pada 4 Desember 2021 menyebabkan kerusakan pada lahan pertanian di Desa Supiturang seluas 149 ha lahan tanaman pangan, 86 ha lahan hortikultura, dan 25 ha lahan perkebunan. Abu vulkanik yang menutupi lahan mudah mengeras sehingga mengganggu aerasi tanah dan berdampak pada penurunan populasi serta aktivitas mikroba tanah, salah satunya adalah bakteri pelarut fosfat (BPF). Bakteri ini mampu mengubah bentuk P-total menjadi P-tersedia sehingga dapat diserap oleh tanaman. Abu vulkanik mengandung P-total yang sangat tinggi (0,11–0,32%), tetapi kandungan P-tersedia rendah karena sebagian besar unsur P masih terikat dalam bentuk mineral primer. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak erupsi Gunung Semeru terhadap populasi bakteri pelarut fosfat dan pengaruhnya terhadap ketersediaan unsur P pada tanah tertimbun abu vulkanik khususnya di Desa Supiturang. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi 2 tahap, tahap I: dampak erupsi terhadap populasi BPF dan tahap II: uji efektivitas BPF. Penelitian tahap I menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif melalui survei dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Penentuan titik sampel dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive random sampling berdasarkan perbedaan jarak dari kawah Gunung Semeru sehingga didapatkan 3 jarak (J1: 6,5 km, J2: 8 km, dan J3: 9,5 km) dan 2 ketebalan abu vulkanik (T1: <20 cm dan T2: >20 cm). Kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah lahan tidak terdampak (J3T0). Setiap titik sampel dilakukan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga didapatkan 21 sampel. Penelitian tahap II menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu jenis isolat (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, dan J3T2B3) dan waktu pengamatan (3, 6, 9, dan 12 hari). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga didapatkan 36 sampel. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pH, P-total, P-tersedia, Corganik, populasi BPF, uji kelarutan P bakteri, uji hipersensitivitas, dan uji hemolisis. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) uji F taraf 5% dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNJ 5% dan uji korelasi. Data juga dianalisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk mengetahui parameter utama yang terpengaruh akibat adanya erupsi Gunung Semeru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan erupsi Gunung Semeru berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan populasi BPF pada tanah tertimbun abu vulkanik sebesar 92- 95%. Populasi pada lahan terdampak erupsi berkisar antara 12-19 × 103 CFU/g, sedangkan populasi pada lahan tidak terdampak 250 × 103 CFU/g. Jarak dan ketebalan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada rasio P-tersedia/P-total, namun hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang lemah dengan populasi BPF. Hasil uji efektivitas pada 5 isolat (J1T1B1, J1T2B2, J1T2B5, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) menunjukkan 3 isolat BPF (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) tidak bersifat patogen dan mampu melarutkan P. Ketiga isolat (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kelarutan P-tersedia berdasarkan indeks kelarutan P dan konsentrasi P-terlarut. Indeks kelarutan P oleh bakteri berkisar antara 1,12-1,26 menunjukkan kemampuan bakteri melarutkan P tergolong rendah dengan konsentrasi P terlarut bervariasi berkisar antara 6,54-10,46 mg/l.
English Abstract
The eruption of Mount Semeru was occurred on December 4, 2021 caused damage to agricultural land in Supiturang Village covering an area of 149 ha of food crop land, 86 ha of horticulture land and 25 ha of plantation land. Volcanic ash that covers the land use more easily hardens, thus disrupting soil aeration and impacting on population reduction and soil microbial activity, one of which is phosphate-dissolving bacteria (BPF). This bacteria can change the form of P-total to P-available to be absorbed by plants. Volcanic ash contains very high total P (0.11–0.32%), but the available P content is low because most of the P elements are still bound in primary mineral form. This research was conduct to determine the impact of the eruption of Mount Semeru on the population of phosphatedissolving bacteria and its effect on the availability of element P in the soil buried in volcanic ash, especially in Supiturang Village. This study was divides into 2 stages, stage I: the impact of the eruption on the BPF population and stage II: testing the effectiveness of the BPF. Phase I research used a descriptive exploratory research design through surveys and direct observations in the field. Determination of sample points was carry out using a purposive random sampling method based on the difference in distance from the crater of Mount Semeru so that 3 distances were obtained (J1: 6.5 km, J2: 8 km, and J3: 9.5 km) and 2 thicknesses of volcanic ash (T1: < 20 cm and T2: >20 cm). The control in this study is unaffected land (J3T0). Each sample point was sample 3 times to obtain 21 samples. Phase II study used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors, name type of isolat (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, and J3T2B3) and the time of observation (3, 6, 9, and 12 days). Each treatment was repeat 3 times to obtain 36 samples. Parameters observed included pH, total-P, available-P, organic-C, BPF population, bacterial P solubility test and hypersensitivity test. Data analysis used the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) F test at 5% level followed by a 5% BNJ follow-up test and a correlation test. The data was also analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to find out the main parameters affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru. The results showed that the eruption of Mount Semeru had a significant effect on the decline in the BPF population in the soil covered with volcanic ash by 92- 95%. The population on land affected by the eruption ranged from 12-19 × 103 CFU/g, while the population on land not affected was 250 × 103 CFU/g. The spacing and thickness treatments had no significant effect on ratio availableP/total-P content, but the results of the correlation test showed a positive weak relationship with the BPF population. Effectiveness test results on 5 isolats (J1T1B1, J1T2B2, J1T2B5, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) showed 3 BPF isolats (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) were not pathogenic and were able to dissolve P. The three isolats (J1T2B2, J1T2B9, J3T2B3) had no significant effect on the level of the solubility of P-available is based on the solubility index of P and the concentration of P-dissolved. The P solubility index by bacteria ranged from 1.12-1.26 indicating the ability of bacteria to dissolve P was relatively low with dissolved P concentrations varying from 6.54-10.46 mg/l.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 07:04 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 07:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208432 |
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