Megatri, Atanasia Adventina and Dr. Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, STP. MP. (2023) Optimasi Formulasi Edible Film dari Gelatin Ikan dan Serbuk Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Berdasarkan Analisis Karakteristik Fisik-Mekanik. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Mulai meningkatnya kesadaran manusia akan permasalahan sampah plastik sebagai pengemas makanan, maka muncul dan berkembang gagasan alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan yang dikembangkan dari bahan organik dan berasal dari bahan-bahan yang terbarukan (renewable) serta ekonomis sehingga tidak berbahaya bagi manusia maupun lingkungan. Edible film merupakan salah satu gagasan produk terbarukan yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan pengemas makanan yang terbuat dari bahan-bahan yang dapat dikonsumsi menyebabkan edible film terjamin dalam segi keamanan pangan. Gelatin ikan merupakan produk dari hasil hidrolisis kolagen yang saat ini sudah banyak dikembangkan menjadi bahan utama penyusun edible film. Perbedaan komposisi asam amino antara gelatin mamalia dan ikan juga menyebabkan kekuatan gel yang dihasilkan oleh gelatin ikan lebih rendah. Namun demikian, edible film yang terbuat dari gelatin ikan dapat digunakan sebagai pembawa aditif bioaktif dengan ditambahkan berbagai bahan serta ekstrak alami untuk meningkatkan sifat fungsional dan karakteristik film salah satunya dengan penambahan pektin. Kulit buah naga memiliki kandungan pektin sebesar ±10,8% dan juga mengandung pigmen betalain berwana merah-ungu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan untuk meningkatkan karakteristik fisik-mekanik edible film gelatin ikan. Film yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai pengemas makanan memiliki sifat di antaranya kuat dan tidak rapuh namun juga memiliki fleksibilitas yang juga cukup baik sehingga mudah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Untuk mencapai kualitas edible film yang diharapkan, maka diperlukan pengoptimalan proporsi formulasi antara gelatin ikan dan serbuk kulit buah naga sehingga dapat dihasilkan edible film yang kuat dan tidak rapuh namun juga memiliki tingkat fleksibilitas yang baik. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Responsse Surface Method (RSM) dengan rancangan Central Composite Design (CCD) menggunakan Design Expert 13. Variabel bebas yang diuji yakni gelatin ikan (% b/v) dan serbuk kulit buah naga (SKBN) (% b/v) yang kemudian menghasilkan sebanyak 13 rancangan formulasi. Hasil rancangan dianalisa sifat fisik-mekanik yang meliputi analisa ketebalan, kuat tarik, elongasi, kelarutan, warna (LAB), dan opacity. Dari hasil analisa kemudian dilakukan penentuan titik optimum formulasi dan didapatkan hasil berupa kombinasi gelatin ikan sebanyak 5.996% (b/v) dan SKBN sebanyak 0.447% (b/v) dengan karakteristik berupa ketebalan film sebesar 0.242 mm, kuat tarik 4.8 MPa, elongasi 108%, kelarutan 55.49%, kecerahan +70.01, kemerahan +15.52, kekuningan +8.86, dan opacity 1.14 dengan kadar air sebesar 14.73% serta kadar abu sebesar 1.1%.
English Abstract
Starting from increasing human awareness of the problem of plastic waste as food packaging, alternative ideas that are more environmentally friendly are emerging and developed from organic materials and come from renewable and economical materials so that they are not harmful to humans or the environment. Edible film is one of the renewable product ideas that can be used as an alternative food packaging material made from consumable materials, causing edible film to be guaranteed in terms of food safety. Fish gelatin is a product of hydrolyzed collagen which has now been developed to become the main ingredient for making edible films. The difference in amino acid composition between mammalian and fish gelatin also causes the gel strength produced by fish gelatin to be lower. However, edible film made from fish gelatin can be used as a carrier for bioactive additives by adding various natural ingredients and extracts to improve the functional properties and characteristics of the film, one of which is by adding pectin. Dragon fruit peel contains ±10.8% pectin and also contains a red-purple betalain pigment which can be used as an additive to improve the physical-mechanical characteristics of fish gelatin edible films. Films that are good for use as food packaging have properties including being strong and not brittle but also having good flexibility so that they are easy to apply. To achieve the expected quality of the edible film, it is necessary to optimize the proportion of the formulation between fish gelatin and dragon fruit peel powder so that an edible film can be produced that is strong and not brittle but also has a good level of flexibility. The research was conducted using the Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 13. The independent variables tested were fish gelatin (% b/v) and dragon fruit peel powder (SKBN) (% b/v) which then produced as many as 13 design formulations. The results of the design were analyzed for physical-mechanical properties which included analysis of thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, color (LAB), and opacity. From the results of the analysis, the optimum formulation point was determined and the results obtained were a combination of fish gelatin as much as 5.996% (w/v) and SKBN as much as 0.447% (w/v) with characteristics in the form of a film thickness of 0.242 mm, tensile strength of 4.8 MPa, elongation of 108 %, solubility 55.49%, brightness +70.01, redness +15.52, yellowness +8.86, and opacity 1.14 with a water content of 14.73% and an ash content of 1.1%.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 052310 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Edible film, Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus), Gelatin Ikan, Optimasi-Edible film, Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus), Fish Gelatin, Optimization |
Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Teknologi Industri Pertanian |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email y13w@ub.ac.id |
Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 06:29 |
Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 06:29 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208339 |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Atanasia Adventina Megatri.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (1MB) |
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