Rahmasari., Aurellia Naula and Prof. Dr. Ir. Retno Dyah Puspitarini,, MS. (2023) Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Hama Ulat Daun Kubis Plutella xylostella di Kota Batu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman kubis termasuk salah satu produk pertanian yang sering dikonsumsi. Upaya menjaga ketersediaan kubis dengan cara pengelolaan budidaya yang tepat. Dalam berbudidaya tentu tidak luput dari adanya serangan hama, salah satu hama penting tanaman kubis yaitu ulat daun kubis Plutella xylostella. Tinggi rendahnya kelimpahan populasi dan tingkat serangan P. xylostella diduga disebabkan oleh penerapan sistem pertanian yang berbeda yaitu secara konvensional dan organik. Dari kedua sistem pertanian tersebut, selanjutnya akan dianalisis kelimpahan populasi dan tingkat intensitas serangannya. Kelimpahan populasi hama dan intensitas serangan perlu untuk dipelajari, karena dapat berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan pangan dan faktor produksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tulungrejo dan kebun Agro Techno Park Cangar, Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari hingga Maret 2023. Jumlah populasi tanaman pada lahan konvensional sebanyak 750 sedangkan populasi tanaman organik sebanyak lebih kurang 500. Ditetapkan dua plot sampel pada masing-masing lahan dan diamati secara bergantian setiap harinya. Jumlah sampel yang diamati sebanyak 130 dengan masing-masing 65 sampel dalam satu plot. Penetapan sampel dilakukan secara acak sistematis, yaitu hanya tanaman yang berkelipatan dua saja yang ditetapkan sebagai objek pengamatan. Metode pelaksanaan dibagi menjadi beberapa pengamatan yaitu Pengamatan populasi hama, intensitas serangan, teknik budidaya, analisis usaha tani, dan faktor abiotik. Pengamatan populasi hama dan intensitas serangan dilakukan 5 hari dalam seminggu selama 8 minggu saat tanaman berumur 6 – 13 MST. Pengamatan populasi hama dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu manual dan menggunakan jaring ayun (Sweepnet). Pengamatan hama secara manual dilakukan dengan cara mengambil seluruh instar larva P.xylostella dengan pinset kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam plastik. Sedangkan pengamatan jaring ayun digunakan untuk menangkap imago P.xylostella. Penggunaan jaring ayun dilakukan di atas tanaman kubis dengan cara diayunkan sebanyak tiga kali dengan membentuk angka 8. Setiap bedengan terdapat delapan sampel tanaman sehingga pengamatan jaring ayun dilakukan sebanyak 8 bedengan. Pengamatan jaring ayun dilakukan sebanyak dua kali putaran dari tiap bedengan yaitu dari depan ke belakang dan dari belakang ke depan. Setelah itu, hama P. xylostella yang tertangkap segera dipindahkan ke dalam plastik. Pengamatan intensitas serangan dilakukan dengan mengamati tingkat kerusakan pada setiap sampel tanaman, kemudian gejala dicocokan pada tabel tingkat intensitas serangan. Setelah itu, data dihitung menggunakan rumus skoring. Faktor abiotik yang diamati diantaranya suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya matahari curah hujan dan ketinggian tempat. Faktor abiotik diamati bersamaan dengan pengamatan hama dan intensitas serangan P.xylostella. Analisis usaha tani dikerjakan saat akhir pengamatan atau saat panen untuk mendapatkan nilai R/C ratio dengan cara wawancara dengan pengelola kebun. Data populasi dan intensitasii serangan dianalisis menggunakan uji t pada taraf kesalahan 5%, sedangkan hubungan faktor abiotik diuji menggunakan uji korelasi pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah populasi dan intensitas seranggan hama P. xylostella pada lahan konvensional lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lahan organik. Hal ini diduga akibat penerapan sistem tanam monokultur dan efek penggunaan pestisida. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa faktor abiotik yaitu suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya matahri dan curah hujan mempengaruhi tingkat populasi hama dan intensitas serangan P. xylostella.
English Abstract
Cabbage is one of the agricultural products often consumed. Effort to maintain the availability of cabbage by proper cultivation management.In the culture, there is no escape from the occurrence of pest attacks, One of the most important pests of cabbage plant is Plutella xylostella cabbage leaves.High population abundance and low level of attack P. xylostella is supposed to be caused by the application of different agricultural systems, both conventional and organic of both agricultural systems, Furthermore, we will analyze the abundance of population and the intensity of its attack.The abundance of pest population and the intensity of attacks need to be studied, It can affect the sustainability of food and production factors. This research was conducted in Tulungrejo Village and Agro Techno Park Cangar garden, Universitas Brawijaya. The study was conducted from January to March 2023. Total of plant population on conventional land is 750 while the organic land is approximately 500. The number of samples observed 130 samples with 65 details for each field. Determination of the sample with a systematic random sample. The plot of the plant sample observed every week is different.There are two observations, The plot is observed changing every day. Observation of pest populations and attacks intensity was carried out 5 days a week for 8 weeks. The method used mechanically is manual and uses a swing net, manually to catch P. xylostella larvae with tweezers and then inserted into plastic, while swing net/ sweepnet to catch imago P.xylostella. The use of a swing net is carried out on the bund of cabbage plants by swinging three times to form the number 8. Each bund has eight plant samples so that the observation of swing nets is carried out as many as 8 bunds. Observations with sweepnet were carried out twice from each bund, then after observation, P. xylostella pests caught in the swing net were immediately transferred into plastic. Observations are made by observing the level of damage to each plant sample, then each sample is determined by the level of attack. Once determined, the data is calculated using a scoring formula. Observations are carried out in a full day starting from morning to evening. In addition, in addition to observing the number of populations and intensity of attacks, observations were also made on cultivation techniques, farm analisys, and abiotic factors from each field. Abiotic factors observed include temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, rainfall and altitude of the place. Temperature and humidity are measured using a thermohygrometer, rainfall by measuring water contained in bottles, while sunlight intensity is measured by a lux meter. Farming analysis is done at the end of the observation or at harvest to get the R/C ratio by interviewing the garden manager.Data population and intensity attack were analyzed using a t-test at a 5% error level, while abiotic factor relationships were tested using a correlation test at a 5% error level. . The results showed that the number of populations and intensity of P. xylostella insect pests on conventional land was higher than on organic land. This is thought to be due to the application of monoculture cropping systems and theiv effects of pesticide use. The results of the correlation test showed that abiotic factors namely temperature, humidity, light intensity and rainfall affected the pest population level and the intensity of P. xylostella attacks
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 06:27 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 06:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208199 |
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