Identifikasi Jamur Taksa Pestalotioid Penyebab Gugur Daun Pada Tanaman Karet Dan Uji Antagonis Menggunakan Jamur Trichoderma Spp. Secara In Vitro

BENZ ALEXANDER, TRISTAN and Dr.Ir. Mintarto Martosudiro, MS and Fery Abdul Choliq, S.P., M.P., M.Sc (2023) Identifikasi Jamur Taksa Pestalotioid Penyebab Gugur Daun Pada Tanaman Karet Dan Uji Antagonis Menggunakan Jamur Trichoderma Spp. Secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Tanaman karet merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang umumnya dijadikan sebagai bahan baku. Tanaman karet menyumbangkan devisa sebesar 25%-40% dari total ekspor produk perkebunan (Purnomowati et al., 2015). Serangan penyakit merupakan salah satu faktor menurunnya produktivitas tanaman. Pestalotiopsis sp. merupakan jamur penyebab penyakit gugur daun pada tanaman karet. Penyakit ini ditemukan pada tahun 2016 di Sumatera Utara dan memuncak pada tahun 2019 sehingga terjadi kehilangan 382.000 hektar (Febbiyanti et al., 2021). Pestalotiopsis sp. termasuk dalam spesies kriptik dalam taksa Pestalotioid sehingga ada kemungkinan jika jamur yang ditemukan merupakan spesies yang berbeda secara genetik. Contoh genus dari Taksa Pestalotioid yaitu Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis, dan Truncatella. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan identifikasi secara morfologi dan diperkuat secara molekuler. Identifikasi mendasari upaya pengendalian. Secara umum, petani menggunakan pestisida sehingga tidak ramah lingkungan. Pengendalian secara hayati dapat dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit gugur daun. Contoh agens hayati yang dapat digunakan adalah Trichoderma sp. Harikamal et al. (2015) menyatakan bahwa T. viride dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. theae hingga 74.3%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui karakteristik jamur Pestalotiopsis sp. dan Trichoderma spp. secara morfologi dan molekuler, mengetahui potensi Trichoderma sp. dalam menekan Pestalotiopsis sp., serta mengetahui mekanisme penghambatan Trichoderma spp. terhadap Pestalotiopsis sp. Penelitian berlangsung di Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Cibinong, Jawa Barat. Preparasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Preparasi Mikroba, Gedung Genomik. Isolasi, purifikasi, dan peremajaan jamur dilakukan di Laboratorium Fungi, Gedung InaCC. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan di Laboratorium Elektroforesis DNA, Gedung Genomik. Sampel karet didapatkan dari Lahan Karet 405 PT. Lestari Asri Jaya, Tebo, Jambi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Hasil identifikasi jamur secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa isolat P1, TA, dan TB teridentifikasi sebagai Truncatella sp., Trichoderma aureoviride, dan Trichoderma pseudokoningii. Identifikasi secara molekuler melalui Nucleotide BLAST menunjukkan bahwa isolat P1, TA, dan TB teridentifikasi sebagai Truncatella angustata, Trichoderma koningiopsis, dan Trichoderma asperellum. Baik isolat TA dan isolat TB secara statistik berpengaruh nyata menekan T. angustata. Seluruh perlakuan berbeda nyata mulai dari 3 HSI-8 HSI. Perlakuan TB merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan persentase penghambatan 76,61%. Adapun mekanisme penghambatan isolat TA terdiri dari antibiosis, kompetisi, dan parasitisme sedangkan isolat TB terdiri dari kompetisi dan parasitisme.

English Abstract

Rubber plants commonly used as raw materials. Rubber plants contributed 25% -40% of the total exports of plantation products (Purnomowati et al., 2015). Plant diseases become one of general factor that could decrease plant productivity. Pestalotiopsis sp. is a fungus that causes leaf fall disease on rubber plants. The disease was discovered in 2016 in North Sumatra and peaked until 2019, which caused loss up to 382,000 hectares (Febbiyanti et al., 2021). Pestalotiopsis sp. is one of cryptic species of Pestalotioid taxa, which make the possibility of different species. Some examples of Pestalotioid taxa consists Pestalotia, Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis, and Truncatella. Both morphology and molecular identification are needed in order to perceive which species the fungal belong to. Identification is fundamental for control plan and strategy. Nevertheless, farmers tend to use chemical pesticide which could harm the environment. Biocontrol could be used to control leaf fall disease. Trichoderma sp. has potential to control leaf fall disease in rubber plants. Harikamal et al. (2015) stated that T. viride could inhibit the growth of P. theae by up to 74.3%. The aim of this research is to know the characteristics of the Pestalotiopsis sp. and Trichoderma spp. by morphology and molecular analysis, knowing the potential of Trichoderma spp. to suppress Pestalotiopsis sp., and knowing the mechanism of of Trichoderma spp. against Pestalotiopsis sp. The research took place at National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, East Java. Preparation was held at the Microbial Preparation Laboratory, Genomics Building. Isolation, purification, and rejuvenation of the fungi were carried out at the Fungi Laboratory, InaCC Building. Molecular identification was held at the DNA Electrophoresis Laboratory, Genomics Building. Rubber samples were obtained from Rubber Land 405 PT. Lestari Asri Jaya, Tebo, Jambi. This research used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. The results of fungal identification using Watanabe (2010) showed that isolates P1, TA, and TB respectively were identified as Truncatella sp., Trichoderma aureoviride, and Trichoderma pseudokoningii. However, molecular identification through Nucleotide BLAST showed that isolates P1, TA, and TB respectively were identified as Truncatella angustata, Trichoderma koningiopsis, and Trichoderma asperellum. Both TA and TB had significant effect on suppressing T. angustata. All treatments had significant differences starting from 3 days after inoculation until 8 days after inoculation. TB was the best treatment with inhibition percentage value reached 76.61%. The inhibition mechanism of TA isolates consists of antibiosis, competition, and parasitism while TB isolates consist of competition and parasitism.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052304
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman
Depositing User:	Annisti Nurul F
Date Deposited:	11 Jan 2024 06:34
Last Modified:	11 Jan 2024 06:34
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/208195

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