Muliawati, Mustika and Syahrul Kurniawan, SP., MP., Ph.D (2023) Evaluasi Kesuburan Tanah pada Berbagai Kelas Kelerengan di Lahan Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L) PTPN XII Kalisat Jampit Bondowoso. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kesuburan tanah merupakan potensi atau nilai dari suatu kemampuan tanah dalam menyediakan unsur hara dalam jumlah yang cukup memadai dan seimbang untuk menjamin pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman yang optimal. Kopi salah satu komoditas penting di Indonesia dan penyumbang devisa terbesar setelah kelapa sawit, karet dan kakao. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas kopi yaitu diusahakan tidak pada ketinggian optimum, ditanam pada lereng lebih besar dari 15% tetapi tidak diikuti dengan tindakan konservasi tanah dan kesuburan tanah sangat rendah. Lahan Kebun Kalisat Jampit mengelola tanaman kopi arabika secara intensif untuk memperoleh produksi yang optimal. Pelaksanaan budidaya kopi arabika yang intensif tanpa diiringi perbaikan lahan yang tepat dan benar akan mengakibatkan penurunan kesuburan tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi kesuburan tanah pada berbagai kelas kelerengan yang berbeda serta menganalisis hubungan antara kesuburan tanah dengan produktivitas tanaman kopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Kalisat Jampit Afdeling Kampung Baru dan Afdeling Krepekan. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan pada 3 kelas kelerengan (0-8%, 8-15%, dan 15-25%), yang diulang sebanyak 6 kali, sehingga terdapat 18 plot percobaan. Pada setiap lokasi, contoh tanah diambil pada kedalaman 0-20 cm. Umur tanaman kopi arabika di lokasi percobaan adalah 11 tahun dan 12 tahun yang ditanam di bawah tanaman penaung jenis lamtoro dan alpukat. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pra survei untuk penetapan lokasi, survei dan pengamatan morfologi tanah, klasifikasi tanah, pengambilan contoh tanah, dan analisis laboratorium. Contoh tanah di setiap plot diambil sebanyak 5 titik secara diagonal, kemudian dikompositkan dan mendapatkan 18 contoh tanah. Analisis laboratorium terdiri atas analisis fisika (berat isi tanah dan tekstur tanah), analisis kimia (pH, N-total, P-tersedia, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), Kation basa ditukar, kejenuhan basa dan C-organik). Analisis data diuji menggunakan analysis linier mixed effect models (LMEM). Selain itu, uji korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh kesuburan tanah dengan produktivitas kopi arabika. Kesuburan tanah di berbagai kelerengan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) khususnya berat isi tanah, fraksi pasir, fraksi debu, KTK, Ptersedia, dan K-dd. Pada kebun Kalisat Jampit, lahan yang berada pada kelas kelerengan 15-25% memiliki tingkat rerata kesuburan tanah potensial (berat isi tanah, persentase debu, pH H2O, ΔpH, KTK, dan C-organik) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelerengan lainnya (0-8% dan 8-15%). Di sisi lain, persentase liat, P-tersedia, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, dan kejenuhan basa menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada kelas kelerengan 8-15%, sedangkan pada persentase pasir, pH KCl, K-dd, dan Na-dd tertinggi berada pada kelas kelerengan 0-8%. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keeratan hubungan antara P-tersedia, KTK, dan Kdd terhadap produktivitas kopi arabika.
English Abstract
Soil fertility is the potential or value of a soil's ability to provide nutrients in sufficient and balanced quantities to ensure optimal plant growth and production. Coffee is one of the important commodities in Indonesia and the largest foreign exchange earner after palm oil, rubber and cocoa. Factors that can affect coffee productivity are cultivated not at optimum height, planted on slopes greater than 15% but not followed by soil conservation measures and very low soil fertility. The Kalisat Jampit manages Arabica coffee plants intensively to obtain optimal production. The implementation of intensive Arabica coffee cultivation without proper land improvement will result in a decrease in soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the condition of soil fertility on different type slopes classes and to analyse the relation between soil fertility and coffee plant productivity. The research was carried out in Kalisat Jampit Afdeling Kampung Baru and Afdeling Krepekan. Soil sampling was carried out on 3 slope classes (0-8%, 8- 15%, and 15-25%), which were repeated 6 times, resulting in 18 experimental plots. At each location, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm. The age of the Arabica coffee plants at the experimental site was 11 years and 12 years, which were grown under shade plants of lamtoro and avocado types. The stages of the research carried out included pre-survey to determine the location, survey and observation of soil morphology, soil classification, soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Soil samples in each plot are taken as many as 5 points diagonally, then composited and get 18 soil samples. Laboratory analysis consisted of physical analysis (soil density and soil texture), chemical analysis (pH, total N, available P, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), base exchange cations, base saturation and Corganic). Data analysis was tested using analysis linear mixed effect models (LMEM). In addition, the correlation test was used to determine the relationship and influence of soil fertility on Arabica coffee productivity. Soil fertility on various slopes showed significant differences (P<0.05), especially soil unit weight, sand fraction, silt fraction, CEC, available-P, and soil exchanged K. In the Kalisat Jampit, land that is in the 15-25% slope class has an average level of potential soil fertility (soil density, percentage of dust, pH H2O, ΔpH, CEC, and C-organic) which are higher than the other slopes (0-8% and 8- 15%). On the other hand, the percentage of clay, available P, soil exchanged Ca, soil exchanged Mg, and base saturation showed the highest values in the 8-15% slope class, while in the percentage of sand, the highest pH KCl, soil exchanged K, and soil exchanged Na are in the slope class of 0-8%. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a close relationship between P-available, CEC, and soil exchanged K on the productivity of Arabica coffee.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Ilmu Tanah |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username ismiatun |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 02:12 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 02:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207850 |
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