Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Sistem Kepercayaan (Belief) Berdasarkan Aspek Psikologis Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Prigi Pada Tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO

Hardianti, Ajeng Ruri and Wahyu Handayani,, S.Pi, MBA, MP (2022) Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Sistem Kepercayaan (Belief) Berdasarkan Aspek Psikologis Masyarakat Pesisir Pantai Prigi Pada Tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan yang memiliki ribuan kebudayaan. Pada saat ini masyarakat kurang peduli sehingga menyebabkan pudarnya adat istiadat, budaya, serta tradisi dari persepsi masyarakat tersebut. Tetapi dapat dilihat pada masyarakat pesisir Pantai Prigi Desa Tasikmadu masih terjaga rasa adat istiadat seperti tradisi Upacara LARUNG SEMBONYO Prigi. Dalam bahasa Jawa, LARUNG berarti menghanyutkan sedangkan SEMBONYO merupakan upacara labuh laut. SEMBONYO atau kegiatan labuh laut ini dilaksanakan sebagai ungkapan syukur atau rasa terimakasih dari para nelayan kepada sang pemilik jagat raya, yakni Allah SWT, atas limpahan hasil laut yang telah diberikan. Pelaksanaan prosesi LARUNG SEMBONYO dapat ditinjau dari segi aspek psikologis yang didasarkan pada keyakinan dan kepercayaan yang dipegang dan dijalani oleh masyarakat pantai prigi. Prosesi upacara adat LARUNG SEMBONYO pada masyarakat sekitar Prigi saat ini semakin berkurang pengunjungnya. Hanya panitia yang dapat melakukan dan menghadiri prosesi upacara adat LARUNG SEMBONYO. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda di seluruh dunia, Adanya pandemi Covid-19 tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap sistem kepercayaan (belief) masyarakat sekitarnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis sejarah tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO sebelum Covid-19, menganalisis pelaksanaan tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO selama pandemi Covid-19, dan menganalisis perubahan pelaksanaan LARUNG SEMBONYO sebelum dan selama Covid-19 memengaruhi psikologis masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2022. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tasikmadu, Kecamatan Watulimo Kabupaten Trenggalek Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pantai Prigi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode pendekatan etnografi. Sumber data pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer meliputi wawancara dan observasi seperti sejarah LARUNG SEMBONYO yang diperoleh dari sesepuh, tempat pelaksanaan, tujuan upacara, manfaat bagi masayarakat sekitar, prosesi upacara mulai dari awal hingga akhir dan dampak pengaruh covid-19 terhadap pelaksanaan LARUNG SEMBONYO dalam aspek psikologi masyarakat pesisir sedangkan sumber data sekunder meliputi data keadaan topografis, geografis tempat penelitian, dan keadaan umum lokasi penelitian. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dan pengambilan narasumber menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang terdiri dari kepala desa, pemangku adat sekaligus panitia LARUNG SEMBONYO, dan ketua RT sedangkan metode snowball sampling yang dilakukan secara bergulir dan terdiri dari masyarakat pesisir pantai prigi meliputi nelayan dan juga warga sekitar Pantai Prigi sebanyak 15 orang. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis sosial dengan tahapan dari model Miles and Huberman yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sejarah tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO di Pantai Prigi berawal dari tahun 1985. LARUNG SEMBONYO diambil dari cerita tentang Tumenggung yang bernama Yudhanegara berhasil membuka dan memperluas wilayah Prigi dengan syarat harus menikahi putri makhluk gaib penguasa pantai selatan yang bernama Gambar Inten. Pernikahan tersebut dilaksanakan pada hari Senin bulan Selo atau pada bulan 1 Suro yang mana saat ini ditetapkan sebagai hari pelaksanaan acara LARUNG SEMBONYO. Tujuan dari Upacara tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO adalah ungkapan rasa syukur masyarakat nelayan Prigi akan hasil laut yang telah diperoleh dan sebagai permohonan akan keselamatan masyarakat nelayan Prigi ketika mencari ikan di laut kepada Allah SWT. Pelaksanaan tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO dibagi menjadi 3 tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap penutupan. Pada tahap persiapan dilakukan satu hari sebelum diadakannya LARUNG SEMBONYO. Pada tahap pelaksanaan tradisi ini dilaksanakan selama 3-4 hari pada hari pertama meliputi santunan anak yatim, istighosah, sholawatan, dan ditutup dengan pengajian. Hari kedua dimulai pada pukul 22.00 dengan acara Tayuban. Hari ketiga dimulai pada pukul 09.00 dengan acara dimulai dari arak-arakan Buceng, Upacara LARUNG SEMBONYO, diakhiri dengan Pagelaran Wayang semalam suntuk. Hari keempat dimulai pukul 09.00 pagi dengan acara orkes dangdut. Selanjutnya ada tahap penutupan dimana dilakukan doa bersama yang dipimpin oleh pemuka agama. Tahapan dari pelaksanaan tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO tersebut berubah menjadi 1 hari saja dan dilaksanakan pada tengah malam dengan acara inti saja yaitu pelarungan oleh panitia dan sesepuh adat semenjak adanya pandemi Covid-19. Covid-19 ini merupakan virus yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARSCoV2). World Health Organization (WHO) telah mengumumkan bahwa Covid-19 sebagai pandemi global sehingga diberlakukan kebijakan pemerintah misalnya wajib memakai masker saat bepergian, lockdown di tempat yang telah terinfeksi virus, serta karantina mandiri dan juga tetap menjaga social distancing. Dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan dampak terhadap psikologis masyarakat pesisir Pantai Prigi pada pelaksanaan tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO. Terdapat 3 aspek dari psikologis yang dapat diteliti yaitu aspek kognitif, aspek afektif, dan aspek konatif. Pada aspek kognitif yaitu pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap suatu hal misalnya pandemi Covid-19 membuat masyarakat berpikir tentang pembatasan sosial yang diberlakukan pemerintah dan mengakibatkan peserta yang datang dibatasi serta waktu pelaksanaanya dikurangi langsung ke upacara inti yang dilaksanakan secara diam-diam. Selanjutnya adalah aspek afektif yang mana melibatkan perasaan emosional terhadap suatu hal misalnya pandemi Covid-19 memengaruhi perasaan emosional masyarakat seperti perasaan senang menjadi sedih karena tidak bisa mengikuti rangkaian acara. Dan aspek yang terakhir adalah aspek konatif yaitu aspek yang melibatkan dengan sikap kemauan atau hubungan interpersonal masyarakat terhadap suatu hal misalnya sikap kemauan/hubungan interpersonal masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO yang terganggu karena tidak diperbolehkan berkumpul dan gotong - royong yang mengakibatkan keramaian. Saran bagi lembaga akademis diharapkan memberikan pengetahuan, wawasan, informasi mengenai kebudayaan dan kearifan lokal masyarakat Pantai Prigi yaitu tradisi LARUNG SEMBONYO dan melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pelaksanaan tradisi sebelum masa pandemi dan dimasa pandemi serta dampak pandemi terhadap pelaksanaan LARUNG SEMBONYO memengaruhi psikologis masyarakat. Saran bagi pemerintah diharapkan terus mendukung serta ikut menjaga dan melestarikan budaya LARUNG SEMBONYO agar dikenal oleh wisatawan. Saran bagi masyarakat Desa Tasikmadu dalam melestarikan budaya tidak hanya dengan melihat, alangkah baiknya turut serta dalam pelaksanaan perayaan untuk menjaga dan melestarikan budaya dari nenek moyang. Walaupun adanya pandemi ini masyarakat harus tetap kompak yang mana masyarakat harus tetap menjaga komunikasi serta menjaga silaturahmi dan tetap menyelenggarakan tradisi dengan mematuhi protokol kesehatan.

English Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has thousands of cultures. At this time people are less concerned, causing the fading of customs, culture, and traditions from the perception of the community. However, it can be seen that the coastal community of Prigi Beach, Tasikmadu Village, still maintains a sense of customs such as the tradition of Prigi's LARUNG SEMBONYO Ceremony. In Javanese, LARUNG means to wash away while SEMBONYO is a sea anchoring ceremony. SEMBONYO or this sea anchoring activity is carried out as an expression of gratitude or gratitude from the fishermen to the owner of the universe, namely Allah SWT, for the abundance of marine products that have been given. The implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO procession can be viewed from a psychological aspect which is based on the beliefs and beliefs held and lived by the prigi beach community. The LARUNG SEMBONYO traditional ceremonial procession in the community around Prigi is currently getting less and less visitors. Only the committee can conduct and attend the LARUNG SEMBONYO traditional ceremony procession. This is due to the Covid-19 that has hit all over the world, the existence of the Covid-19 can affect the belief system ofsurroundingcommunity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the history of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition before Covid-19, analyze the implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition during the Covid-19, and analyze changes in the implementation of LARUNG SEMBONYO before and during Covid-19 affecting the psychology of the community. This research was conducted in April 2022. This research was conducted in Tasikmadu Village, Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency, East Java. This research will be conducted in Prigi Beach. This study uses a qualitative research method that uses an ethnographic approach. The data sources in this study used primary data sources including interviews and observations such as the history of LARUNG SEMBONYO obtained from elders, the place of implementation, the purpose of the ceremony, benefits for the surrounding community, the ceremonial procession from beginning to end and the impact of covid-19 on the implementation of LARUNG SEMBONYO in the psychological aspect of coastal communities, while secondary data sources include data on topographical conditions, the geography of the research site, and the general condition of the research location. In this study using data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. And taking the sources using purposive sampling method consisting of village heads, customary stakeholders as well as the LARUNG SEMBONYO committee, and RT heads while the snowball sampling method consisted of the Prigi coastal communities including fishermen and also residents around Prigi Beach. In this study using social analysis methods and using Miles and Huberman's data analysis stages which consist of 4 stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is that the history of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition in Prigi Beach dates back to 1985. LARUNG SEMBONYO is taken from a story about a Tumenggung named Yudhanegara who succeeded in opening and expanding Prigi's territory on the condition that he must marry the daughter of a supernatural creature ruling the south coast named Gambar Inten. The wedding was held on Monday in the month of Selo or in the month of 1 Suro which is currently designated as the day of the LARUNG SEMBONYO event. The purpose of the LARUNG SEMBONYO traditional ceremony is an expression of gratitude for the Prigi fishing community for the marine products that have been obtained and as a request for the safety of the Prigi fishing community when looking for fish in the sea to Allah SWT. The implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition is divided into 3 stages, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the closing stage. The preparation stage is carried out one day before the LARUNG SEMBONYO is held. At the stage of implementing this tradition, it is carried out for 3-4 days on the first day including compensation for orphans, istighosah, prayer, and closed with the recitation. The second day starts at 22.00 with the Tayuban event. The third day begins at 09.00 with the event starting from the Buceng procession, the LARUNG SEMBONYO Ceremony, ending with a Puppet Show all night. The fourth day started at 09.00 am with a dangdut orchestra event. Then there is the closing stage where there is a prayer together led by religious leaders. The stages of the implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition changed to 1 day only and were carried out at midnight with only the main event, namely the banning of the committee and traditional elders since the Covid-19. Covid-19 is a virus caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARSCoV2). World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that Covid-19 is a global pandemic so that government policies are enforced, such as the obligation to wear masks when traveling, lock down in places that have been infected with the virus, as well as self-quarantine and maintain social distancing. With the Covid-19 an impact on the psychology of the coastal community of Prigi Beach in the implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition. There are 3 aspects of psychology that can be studied, namely cognitive aspects, affective aspects, and conative aspects. In the cognitive aspect, namely public knowledge of something, for example the Covid-19 makes people think about social restrictions imposed by the government and results in limited participants coming and reducing the implementation time directly to the core ceremony which is carried out secretly. Next is the affective aspect which involves emotional feelings about something, for example the Covid-19 affects people's emotional feelings such as feeling happy to be sad because they can't take part in a series of events. And the last aspect is the conative aspect, namely the aspect that involves the attitude of willingness or interpersonal relationships of the community towards something, for example the attitude of willingness/interpersonal relations of the community towards the implementation of the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition which is disturbed because it is not allowed to gather and mutual cooperation which results in crowds. Suggestions for academic institutions are expected to provide knowledge, insight, information about the culture and local wisdom of the Prigi Beach community, namely the LARUNG SEMBONYO tradition and carry out further research on the implementation of traditions before the pandemic period and during the pandemic as well as the impact of the pandemic on the implementation of LARUNG SEMBONYO affecting people's psychology. Suggestions for the government are expected to continue to support and participate in maintaining and preserving the LARUNG SEMBONYO culture so that it is known by tourists. Suggestions for the people of Tasikmadu Village in preserving culture are not only by looking, it would be nice to participate in the implementation of celebrations to maintain and preserve the culture of their ancestors. Despite this pandemic, the community must remain united where the community must maintain communication and maintain friendship and continue to carry out traditions by complying with health protocols.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0522080553
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Agrobisnis Perikanan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	17 Jan 2024 01:55
Last Modified:	17 Jan 2024 01:55
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207771

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Ajeng Ruri Hardianti.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2024. Download (2MB)

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