Resmadiani, Syamitha and Dr. Budi Waluyo, S.P., M.P (2023) Jumlah Bunga Dan Perbedaan Fase Anthesis Bunga Jantan Dalam Optimalisasi Produksi Benih Semangka (Citrullus Lanatus L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Semangka merupakan tanaman buah semusim famili Cucurbitaceae yang memiliki tingkat konsumsi tinggi. Penggunaan benih bermutu dari varietas unggul menentukan produktivitas untuk pemenuhan konsumsi semangka. Teknologi produksi benih menjadi metode utama dalam penyediaan benih bermutu untuk peningkatan produktivitas tanaman, karena menerapkan prinsip agronomis dan genetik. Teknik polinasi buatan (hand pollination) dalam proses budidaya dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pollen untuk pembuahan, persentase pembentukan buah dan biji yang tinggi. Penggunaan teknik polinasi dengan 2 dan 3 bunga jantan dapat meningkatkan ukuran dan bobot buah semangka. Polinasi juga dipengaruhi faktor fase anthesis. Polinasi yang dilakukan ketika anthesis memberikan hasil berupa pembentukan buah atau fruit set yang tinggi. Anthesis bunga jantan juga digunakan sebagai penentu tingkat viabilitas pollen pada kondisi yang optimal. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi penggunaan jumlah bunga jantan dan fase anthesis yang optimal untuk produksi dan mutu benih semangka. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai 11 Januari – 8 Mei 2023 di lahan Research and Development PT. Wira Agro Nusantara Sejahtera di Jln. Pepaya no.03 B, Dusun Pulosari, Pare, Kediri, Jawa Timur. Alat yang digunakan yaitu tray semai, cangkul, knapsack sprayer, gunting, pinset, karung, pisau, kantung screen, ember, meteran, Seed Mouisture Tester, jangka sorong, timbangan analitik, germinator, alat tulis. Bahan berupa pupuk NPK, pupuk organik, kapur pertanian (CaCO3), cocopeat, sekam padi, pestisida, plastik klip, kertas sungkup, tali penanda, kertas buram, mulsa plastik hitam perak, label benih, dan benih semangka varietas SK 25. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan rancangan lingkungan RAK. 2 faktor perlakuan masing-masing 3 taraf, fase anthesis bunga jantan sebagai faktor pertama yaitu pre anthesis (A1), anthesis (A2), post anthesis (A3) dan jumlah bunga jantan sebagai faktor kedua yaitu 1 bunga (P1), 2 bunga (P2), 3 bunga (P3). Variabel pengamatan berupa %fruit set, bobot benih/buah, %benih bernas, bobot benih/benih, bobot 1000 butir, morfologi benih seperti panjang, lebar, dan tebal benih, %DB benih serta %indeks vigor benih. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) taraf 5%, hasil analisis ragam yang berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji perbandingan ganda DMRT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor jumlah bunga jantan memberikan pengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan bobot benih/buah, hasil tertinggi pada keseluruhan variabel pengamatan dengan perlakuan P2. Untuk faktor fase anthesis bunga jantan berpengaruh nyata pada variabel pengamatan %fruit set, bobot benih/buah, %benih bernas, lebar benih, tebal benih, dan %indeks vigor dengan rata-rata nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan A2. Sedangkan interaksi kedua faktor menunjukkan pengaruh nyata pada variabel bobot 1000 butir dengan nilai tertinggi pada kombinasi perlakuan A2P3.
English Abstract
Watermelon is an annual fruit plant in the Cucurbitaceae family which has a high consumption level. The use of quality seeds from superior varieties determines productivity to fulfill watermelon consumption. Seed production technology is the main method for supplying quality seeds to increase plant productivity, because it applies agronomic and genetic principles. Hand pollination in the cultivation process can increase the ability of pollen to fertilize, the high percentage of fruit and seed set. By using pollination techniques 2 and 3 male flowers can increase the size and weight of watermelon fruit. Pollination is also influenced by the anthesis phase factor. Pollination when anthesis gives results high fruit set. Anthesis of male flowers is also used to determine the level of pollen viability at optimal conditions. Thus, this study aims to obtain information the use optimal proportion of male flowers and anthesis phase for the production and quality of watermelon seeds. The research was carried out from 11 January - 8 May 2023 at the research and development farm of PT. Wira Agro Nusantara Sejahtera on Papaya Street no. 03 B, Pulosari, Pare, Kediri, East Java. The tools used are seedling trays, hoes, knapsack sprayers, scissors, tweezers, sacks, knives, screen bags, buckets, tape measure, Seed Mouisture Tester, caliper, analytical scales, germinator, stationery. Materials included NPK fertilizer, organic fertilizer, CaCO3, cocopeat, rice husk, pesticides, plastic clips, paper covers, string markers, opaque paper, black silver plastic mulch, seed labels, and SK 25 variety watermelon seeds. The research used Split Plot Design with RBD environmental design. 2 treatment factors with 3 levels, male flower anthesis phase as the first factor, namely pre anthesis (A1), anthesis (A2), post anthesis (A3) and the proportion of male flowers as the second factor, namely 1 male flower (P1), 2 male flowers (P2), 3 male flowers (P3). The observed variables were %fruit set, seed/fruit weight, %pithy seed, seed weight, 1000 grain weight, seed morphology such as seed length, width and thickness, %seed germinate and %seed vigor index. The data obtained were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level, the results of the analysis of variance which had a significant effect were carried out by the DMRT multiple comparison test at the 5% level. The results showed that the proportion of male flowers had a significant effect on the observed variable seed/fruit weight with the highest yield on all observed variables in the P2 treatment. For the male flower anthesis phase factor significantly affected the observation variables %fruit set, seed/fruit weight, %pithy seed, seed width, seed thickness, and %vigor index with the highest average value in treatment A2. The interaction of the two factors shows a significant effect on the observed variabel 1000 grain weigh with the highest value in the A2P3 treatment combination.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Annisti Nurul F |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2024 08:57 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2024 08:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207677 |
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Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
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