engaruh Penambahan Bahan Organik Serasah dan Limbah Batang Tebu terhadap Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pada Ekosistem Tanaman Tebu.

Sayful Affandi., Rohmat and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo,, SU. and Yoga Setiawan,, SP., MP. (2023) engaruh Penambahan Bahan Organik Serasah dan Limbah Batang Tebu terhadap Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pada Ekosistem Tanaman Tebu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

RINGKASAN Rohmat Sayful Affandi. 195040200111001. Pengaruh Penambahan Bahan Organik Serasah dan Limbah Batang Tebu terhadap Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pada Ekosistem Tanaman Tebu. Dibawah Bimbingan Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, SU. Indonesia merupakan penghasil tebu terbesar ke-9, total produksi gula nasional pada tahun 2021 mencapai 2,3 juta ton, namun belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan gula nasional dimana Indonesia masih mengimpor 5,4 juta ton pada tahun 2021. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena penurunan kualitas rendemen tebu akibat proses budidaya yang kurang optimal seperti pengelolaan residu hasil panen yang kurang tepat. Proses pemanenan serta produksi tebu akan menyisakan serasah yang ditinggalkan dilahan dan akan dibakar, pembakaran serasah tebu setelah panen secara tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas hasil panen tebu pada pertanaman selanjutnya. Dikarenakan serangan hama akan meningkat karena matinya musuh alami atau predator. Bagian batang tebu yang diproses hingga menyisakan ampasnya berpotensi menjadi limbah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Upaya pengembalian bahan organik dari residu hasil panen tebu yaitu serasah dan limbah batang tebu kedalam tanah dapat meningkatkan artrhopod menguntungkan yang hidup di permukaan dan di dalam tanah. Salah satu arthropod tersebut adalah semut. Semut di agroekosistem memiliki peran yang kompleks sehingga dapat menjadikanya sebagai bioindicator kestabilan ekosistem. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan jenis bahan organik dari residu hasil panen tebu yaitu serasah dan limbah batang tebu terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan semut. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 - Maret 2023. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IP2TP) Balai Standardisasi Instrumen Pertanian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, Karangploso, Malang dengan rerata curah hujan 268,8 mm, kelembaban nisbi 83,5% dan suhu udara 210-260 C. Sementara itu analisa proksimat dilakukan di Laboratorium Uji Mutu dan Keamanan Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, lahan tebu percobaan memiliki luas 750 m2. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan penentuan petak percobaan dan pembuatan lubang pembenaman, persiapan dan pembenaman bahan organik, pengambilan serta pengawetan sampel semut dan identifikasi semut. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode pitfall trap dan bait trap (ikan tuna) dengan interval seminggu sekali selama 8 minggu. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 subfamili, 8 genus dengan jumlah total 22.254 individu. Semut berpotensi berperan predator diantaranya Crematogaster sp., Dolichoderus sp., Odontomachus sp., Phediole sp., dan Solenopsis sp. sisanya berperan sebagai foragers yaitu Camponotus sp. Colomyrmex sp. dan Tapinoma sp. Hasil analisis sidik ragam diperoleh bahwa P2 berpangaruh nyata terhadap kelimpahan individu semut dibandingkan P0 dan P1 (F3 12 = 4,463 P > 0,0301) Hasil perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman P0 dan P1 termasuk sedang, P2 rendah, indeks kemerataan P0, P1, dan P2 sedang indeks domiansi P0, P1 rendah dan P2 Sedang.

English Abstract

SUMMARY Rohmat Sayful Affandi. 195040200111001. The Effect of Addition of Organic Materials Litter and Sugarcane Stem Waste to the Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sugarcane Ecosystems. Under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, SU. Indonesia is the 9th largest sugar cane producer, the total national sugar production in 2021 will reach 2.3 million tons, but it has not been able to meet the national demand for sugar where Indonesia still imports 5.4 million tons in 2021. This could happen due to a decrease in quality sugarcane yields due to less than optimal cultivation processes such as improper management of crop residues. The process of harvesting and producing sugarcane will leave litter left on the land and will be burned, burning sugarcane litter after harvest can indirectly cause a decrease in the productivity of sugarcane yields in subsequent plantings. Because pest attacks will increase due to the death of natural enemies or predators. The part of the sugarcane stalk that is processed to leave the residue has the potential to become waste that can pollute the environment. Efforts to return organic matter from sugarcane residues, namely litter and waste of sugarcane stems, to the soil can increase beneficial arthropods that live on the surface and in the soil. One such arthropod is the ant. Ants in agro-ecosystems have a complex role so that they can be used as bio-indicators of ecosystem stability. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of adding organic matter from the remaining sugarcane yields, namely litter and sugarcane stalk waste, on trapping and attracting ants. Research activities were carried out in December 2022 - March 2023. The research location was at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) Center for Agricultural Instrument Standardization for Sweeteners and Fiber Crops, Karangploso, Malang with an average rainfall of 268.8 mm, relative humidity of 83.5 % and air temperature 210-260 C. Meanwhile, proximate analysis was carried out at the Food Quality and Safety Test Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University. The research design used was Complete Random Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 6 replications, the experimental sugarcane field had an area of 750 m2. This research was carried out by making composting holes (d = 30 cm; t = 40 cm) then adding chopped organic matter according to the treatment and then covering it with sacks. Sampling was carried out using the pitfall trap and bait trap (Tuna) methods at intervals of once a week for 8 weeks. The results of the study found 4 subfamilies, 8 genera with a total of 22,254 individuals. Ants have the potential to act as predators including Crematogaster sp., Dolichoderus sp., Odontomachus sp., Phediole sp., and Solenopsis sp. the rest act as foragers, namely Camponotus sp. Colomyrmex sp. and Tapinoma sp. The results of the analysis of variance showed that P2 had a significant effect on the abundance of individual ants compared to P0 and P1 (F3 12 = 4.463 P > 0.0301). The results of the calculation of the diversity index P0 and P1 included medium, P2 was low, the evenness index P0, P1, and P2 was moderate, the dominance index was P0, P1 was low, and P2 was moderate.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052304
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username saputro
Date Deposited:	10 Jan 2024 07:34
Last Modified:	10 Jan 2024 07:34
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207538

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