Fitria, Ana and Dr. Anna Satyana Karyawati,, SP.,MP. (2023) Penentuan Ketahanan 36 Genotipe Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) Terhadap Serangan Penyakit Karat Daun (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Berdasarkan Karakter Agronomis dan Kandungan Lignin Daun. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) menjadi komoditas pangan semusim yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Kebutuhan kedelai di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan tetapi tetapi produksi dalam negeri belum dapat memenuhi secara optimal. Produksi kedelai dalam negeri belum optimal salah satunya karena serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Cendawan patogen penyebab penyakit karat daun yaitu Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Penyakit karat daun merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman kedelai yang dapat menurunkan hasil 10-90%. Peningkatan produksi kedelai dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan varietas yang tahan penyakit. Ketahanan kedelai terhadap penyakit karat dapat diketahui melalui karakter agronomis dan penebalan dinding sel daun. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh ketahanan kedelai terhadap penyakit karat berdasarkan kandungan lignin daun dan mengidentifikasi karakter agronomis yang dapat menjadi penanda kedelai yang tahan penyakit karat. Hipotesis penelitian adalah setiap genotipe kedelai memiliki kandungan lignin pada daun yang berbeda sebagai respon ketahanan terhadap penyakit karat dan setiap genotipe kedelai memiliki karakter agronomis yang berbeda sebagai penanda ketahanan terhadap penyakit karat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan BSIP Aneka Kacang di Desa Kendalpayak, Kecamatan Pakisaji, Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari-Mei 2023. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu hand sprayer, meteran, kuas, haemositometer, mikroskop binokuler, timbangan analitik, plastik mika, kamera, dan alat tulis. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu benih 36 genotipe kedelai, polibag, tanah top soil, pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk NPK 16:16:16, inokulum P. pachyrhizi, polisorbat-20, aquades. Percobaan disusun secara non faktorial menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan terdiri dari 36 genotipe, yaitu 30 genotipe hasil persilangan dan 6 genotipe tetua. Pengamatan terdiri dari keparahan penyakit, tebal daun, tebal epidermis, kandungan lignin daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang produktif, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah polong total, jumlah polong isi, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot polong per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, dan bobot 100 biji. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam uji F dengan taraf 5%. apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut menggunakan Scott-Knott. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada 36 genotipe terhadap serangan karat daun masing-masing genotipe memiliki respon ketahanan yang berbeda terhadap serangan penyakit karat daun. Genotipe dengan kategori tahan memiliki kandungan lignin berbeda yaitu UBASK63 (14,65%), UBASK32 (13,66%), UBASK43 (17,60%). Genotipe yang tergolong tahan memiliki karakter agronomi yang berbeda. Tiga genotipe tahan memiliki ciri-ciri bobot 100 biji >14 g yang tergolong ukuran biji besar.
English Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is a seasonal food commodity belonging to the Fabaceae family. The need for soybeans in Indonesia continues to increase but domestic production has not been able to meet it optimally. Domestic soybean production has not been optimal, one of the reasons is the attack of plant disease. The pathogenic fungus that causes leaf rust disease is Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Leaf rust disease is an important disease in soybean plants which can reduce yields of 10-90%. Increased soybean production can be done by using disease resistant varieties. Soybean resistance to rust disease can be determined through agronomic characters and leaf cell wall thickness. The aim of the research was to study the effect of soybean resistance to rust disease based on leaf lignin content and to identify agronomic characters that could be markers of soybean rust resistance. The research hypothesis was that each genotype of soybean had different lignin content in leaves as a response to resistance to rust disease and each genotype of soybean had different agronomic characteristics as a marker of resistance to rust disease. The research was conducted at the BSIP Aneka Kacang field in Kendalpayak Village, Pakisaji District, Malang Regency. The research was carried out from February to May 2023. The tools used in the research were hand sprayers, tape measure, brushes, haemositometers, binocular microscopes, analytical scales, mica plastic, cameras and writing instruments. The materials used in the study were 36 genotypes of soybean seeds, polybags, top soil, cow manure, NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer, P. pachyrhizi inoculum, polysorbate-20, distilled water. The experiment was arranged non-factorial using a randomized block design (RBD). The treatment consisted of 36 genotypes, namely 30 genotypes resulting from crosses and 6 genotypes of parents. Observations consisted of disease severity, leaf thickness, epidermis thickness, leaf lignin content, plant height, number of leaves, number of productive branches, flowering age, harvest age, total number of pods, number of filled pods, number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, and 100 seed weights. Data analysis used analysis of variance F test with a level of 5%. if there is a real effect, further tests are carried out using Scott-Knott. Based on the results of research on 36 genotypes against leaf rust attack, each genotype had a different resistance response to leaf rust attack. Genotypes in the resistant category had different lignin content, namely UBASK63 (14.65%), UBASK32 (13.66%), UBASK43 (17.60%). Genotypes classified as resistant have different agronomic characters. Three resistant genotypes had the characteristics of a weight of 100 seeds > 14 g which were classified as large seed sizes
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2024 07:19 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2024 07:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207506 |
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