Faradisah, Mifta and Yantiningsih, Kartika Dwi (2023) Karakterisasi Membran Nilon untuk Pemurnian Crude Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO),. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia mampu memproduksi sekitar 2,86 juta ton buah kelapa pada tahun 2022 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2022). Salah satu produk turunan kelapa adalah Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). VCO merupakan salah satu produk unggulan hasil pengolahan santan kelapa segar. Sebagian besar proses pemurnian pada produksi VCO masih menggunakan metode dekantasi dan sentrifugasi yang mana memiliki beberapa kelemahan, antara lain kurang higienis, waktu operasi cukup lama, kebutuhan biaya dan energi cukup tinggi, serta kadar air VCO masih belum sesuai standar mutu SNI 7381-2008 yakni sebesar 0,2%. Teknik pemurnian VCO menggunakan teknologi membran sintesis hidrofilik, membran nilon, menjadi metode alternatif yang layak dalam perlakuan produksi minyak nabati. Namun, penelitian terkait pemurnian VCO masih belum banyak dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran mesh membran nilon terhadap nilai fluks dan selektivitas dalam proses pembuatan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Sementara itu, karakteristik hasil produk pemurnian dilakukan dengan uji kadar air (moisture analyzer) dan uji kadar FFA (titimetrik). Variabel yang digunakan adalah variasi ukuran mesh yaitu 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 600 mesh dan laju alir umpan sebesar 20 mL/menit. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan crude VCO dengan komposisi 80% VCO dan 20% air. Selanjutnya crude VCO sebagai umpan dialirkan menuju modul membran untuk proses pemurnian. Permeat akan ditampung dalam gelas ukur hingga mencapai volume sebesar 80 mL. Waktu operasi yang diperoleh akan digunakan untuk perhitungan fluks membran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran mesh membran nilon dapat mempengaruhi nilai fluks dan selektivitas membran. Nilai fluks pada membran ukuran 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 600 mesh adalah 33,32; 9,16; 4,69; 3,84; dan 2,55 L/m2 jam. Sedangkan untuk nilai rerata selektivitas pada membran ukuran 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 600 meshadalah 43%; 61%; 93%; 99,5%; dan 99,5%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa membran nilon dengan hasil optimal ditunjukkan pada ukuran 500 mesh. Hal ini didukung dengan nilai rerata kadar air permeat sebesar 0,1% telah memenuhi standar SNI yaitu 0,2% dengan angka lifetime yang lebih panjang. Sementara itu, nilai kadar FFA permeat belum memenuhi standar SNI tetapi tetap mengalami penurunan sekitar 80%. Dengan demikian didapatkan bahwa membran nilon lebih efektif menurunkan kadar air daripada kadar FFA.
English Abstract
Indonesia is capable of producing around 2.86 million tons of coconuts in 2022 (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2022). One of the coconut derivative products is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). VCO is one of the leading products from the processing of fresh coconut milk. Most of the purification processes in VCO production still use the decantation and centrifugation methods which have several weaknesses, including lack of hygiene, quite a long operating time, relatively high cost and energy requirements, and the water content of VCO is still not in accordance with SNI 7381-2008 quality standards, namely by 0.2%. The VCO purification technique using hydrophilic synthetic membrane technology, nylon membrane, is a viable alternative method in the treatment of vegetable oil production. However, research related to VCO purification is still not widely developed. This study aims to determine the effect of nylon membrane mesh size on the value of flux and selectivity in the process of making Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Meanwhile, the yield characteristics of purified products were carried out using a moisture analyzer and a titimetric test for FFA content. The variables used were variations in mesh size, namely 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mesh and a feed flow rate of 20 mL/minute. This research begins with the manufacture of crude VCO with a composition of 80% VCO and 20% water. Furthermore, crude VCO as feed is flowed to the membrane module for the purification process. The permeate will be accommodated in a measuring cup until it reaches a volume of 80 mL. The obtained operating time will be used for the calculation of membrane flux. The results showed that the mesh size of the nylon membrane could affect the flux value and membrane selectivity. The flux values for membrane sizes 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mesh are 33.32; 9,16; 4.69; 3.84; and 2.55 L/m2 hour. Meanwhile, the average value of selectivity for membrane sizes 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mesh is 43%; 61%; 93%; 99.5%; and 99.5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that nylon membranes with optimal results are shown at 500 mesh size. This is supported by the average permeate moisture content of 0.1% which meets the SNI standard of 0.2% with a longer lifetime. Meanwhile, the value of permeate FFA content did not meet SNI standards but still experienced a decrease of around 80%. Thus it was found that the nylon membrane was more effective in reducing the water content than the FFA content.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523070032 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fluks, Kadar Air, Kadar FFA, Membran, Mesh, Selektivitas, VCO |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | agung |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2024 06:41 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2024 06:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207430 |
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