AZIZAH, SITI NUR and Dr. Lenny Sri Nopriani, SP., MP and Syahrul Kurniawan, SP., MP (2023) EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP P TERSEDIA, SERAPAN P, POPULASI BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Padi (Oryza sativa L.) menjadi komoditas pangan utama sehingga pemerintah berupaya meningkatkan produksinya melalui UPSUS PAJALE (Upaya Khusus Padi, Jagung, Kedelai). Namun, hasil produksi padi terus mengalami penurunan atau levelling off. Salah satu penyebab levelling off adalah menurunnya kemampuan lahan dalam menyediakan unsur hara fosfor. Daerah Oro-Oro Ombo memiliki jenis tanah Inceptisol dengan pH 4,95 (masam), C Organik rendah dan unsur P total yang tinggi. Namun immobilisasi P menjadi bentuk tidak tersedia akibat pH tanah yang masam menyebabkan P tersedia menjadi rendah. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyediakan unsur P adalah dengan aplikasi pupuk anorganik. Namun, penggunaan pupuk anorganik mengakibatkan rusaknya sifat kimia dan biologi tanah. Maka, upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah penggunaan pupuk hayati dengan kandungan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat (BPF). BPF mampu mengekstrak P menjadi bentuk tersedia melalui sekresi asam-asam organik. Tujuan penelitian ini: 1) menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi pupuk hayati terhadap sifat biologi dan kimia tanah (populasi BPF dalam tanah, P tersedia, serapan P), serta produksi padi, 2) menganalisis hubungan sifat biologi dan kimia tanah dengan produksi padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September 2022 � Februari 2023 di Green House yang terletak di Kecamatan Merjosari, Kota Malang, Laboratorium Kimia dan Biologi Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian terdiri atas: (PM0) tanpa pupuk; (PM1) NPK Rekomendasi; (PM2) NPK Rekomendasi + Pupuk Hayati 25: 10 kg/ha; (PM3) NPK Rekomendasi + Pupuk Hayati 50: 20 kg/ha; (PM4) NPK Rekomendasi + Pupuk Hayati 75: 30 kg/ha; (PM5) NPK Rekomendasi + Pupuk Hayati 100: 40 kg/ha. Parameter penelitian meliputi paremeter pertumbuhan tanaman, parameter produksi tanaman, parameter kimia dan biologi tanah (pH, C organik, N total, P total, P tersedia, Serapan P, K-dd, Total Populasi BPF, dan Microbial Biomass C). Data dianalisis menggunakan Genstat, kemudian dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan apabila berbeda nyata akan diuji lanjut menggunakan Uji BNJ pada taraf 5 serta uji korelasi dan dan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata (P < 0,05) meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi padi serta pH, C organik, P total, K-dd, dan Microbial Biomass C dalam tanah. PM5 memiliki total populasi BPF tertinggi yaitu 5,21 � 106 CFU/g. Pemberian pupuk hayati tidak berpengaruh terhadap P tersedia namun berpengaruh terhadap Serapan P tanaman (PM2, PM3, PM4, dan PM5) yang tinggi berkisar 187,66 � 328,25 mg/tanaman. Hasil produksi dari bobot gabah kering giling tertinggi terdapat pada PM5 yaitu sebesar 38,89 g/rumpun. Aplikasi pupuk hayati memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap serapan P (R2 = 0,7926) sehingga meningkatkan estimasi produksi sebesar 26,23-62,02. Aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan dosis 40 kg/ha dan pupuk NPK rekomendasi mampu meningkatkan P tersedia, serapan P tanaman dan produksi tanaman padi
English Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food commodity, so the government is trying to increase its production through UPSUS PAJALE (Rice, Corn, Soybean Special Efforts) program. However, rice production continues to decline or level off. One of the causes of leveling off is the decreased ability of land to provide phosphorus nutrients. The Oro-Oro Ombo area has an Inceptisol soil type with a pH of 4.95 (acid), low organic C, and high total phosphorus. However, phosphorus immobilization into unavailable form due to acidic soil pH leads to low P availability. Inorganic fertilizers have been used to increase soil available P. However, using inorganic fertilizer leads to declining soil chemical and biological properties. Biofertilizers containing Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) can reduce the negative effect of inorganic fertilizers. PSB can extract P into an available form through the secretion of organic acids. The aims of this study: 1) to analyze the effect of the application of biofertilizers on soil biological and chemical properties (soil PSB population, available P, P uptake) and rice production; 2) to analyze the relationship between soil biological and chemical properties and rice production. The research was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 at the Green House in Merjosari District, Malang City, Soil Chemistry and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Treatment in the study consisted of (PM0) without fertilizer; (PM1) Recommended NPK; (PM2) Recommended NPK + 25% Biofertilizer: 10 kg/ha; (PM3) Recommended NPK + 50% Biofertilizer: 20 kg/ha; (PM4) Recommended NPK + 75% Biofertilizer: 30 kg/ha; (PM5) Recommended NPK + 100% Biofertilizer: 40 kg/ha. The research parameters included plant growth, crop production, and soil chemical and biological parameters (pH, organic C, total N, total P, available P, plant P uptake, K-dd, Total PSB Population, and Microbial Biomass C). The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Tukey's HSD test at the 5% level was used to determine the difference between treatments: while the correlation and regression tests were used to determine the relationship and influence between parameters. The results showed that applying biofertilizers significantly (P < 0.05) increased growth, rice production, pH, organic C, total P, K-dd, and Microbial Biomass C in the soil. PM5 has the highest total PSB population, namely 5,21 × 106 CFU/g. The application of biofertilizers did not affect the available P, but the plant P uptake (PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM5) was high, ranging from 187,66 – 328.25 mg/plant. The highest production yield from weight of dry milled grain was found in PM5, which was 38,89 g/clump. Applying biofertilizers positively correlated with P uptake (R2 = 0,7926), increasing the estimated production by 26,23-62,02%. This study revealed that 40 kg/ha biofertilizers and recommended NPK fertilizers can increase available P, plant P uptake, and rice plant production.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Annisti Nurul F |
| Date Deposited: | 10 Jan 2024 04:42 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2024 04:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/207299 |
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