Pengaruh Kadar Air Gabah Terhadap Rendemen, Mutu, dan Sifat Mekanik Beras Varietas Lokal Jawa Timur Pada Hasil Penggilingan

PUTRI, MAULANI (2023) Pengaruh Kadar Air Gabah Terhadap Rendemen, Mutu, dan Sifat Mekanik Beras Varietas Lokal Jawa Timur Pada Hasil Penggilingan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan yang penting khususnya di Indonesia. Kebutuhan akan beras untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan penduduk selalu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun sejalan dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk dunia dan upaya perbaikan gizi masyarakat. Peningkatan produksi padi secara kuantitatif dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan penanganan pada proses prapanen, panen, dan pascapanen secara tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh kadar air terhadap rendemen, mutu beras, dan sifat mekanik gabah varietas lokal Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu Beras dan Kadar air yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air gabah varietas lokal terhadap rendemen, mutu beras, dan sifat mekanik. Gabah varietas lokal yang digunakan yaitu gabah varietas A3, Berlian, dan Hitam melik. Digunakan sebanyak 100 gram dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian rerata rendemen menunjukkan bahwa hubungan kadar air dan rendemen yaitu gabah kadar air ±14% menghasilkan beras giling tertinggi dibandingkan kadar air ±11% dan ±16% pada ketiga varietas. Hasil rendemen yang didapat secara keseluruhan bisa dikatakan baik karena telah lebih dari 65%. Mutu beras meliputi beras kepala, butir patah, butir menir, butir kapur, butir rusak, butir merah, dan butir hitam. Persentase yang dihasilkan yaitu naik turun pada tiap varietas dan kenaikan kadar air. Rerata nilai persentase beras kepala sebesar 53% hingga 93%. Rerata nilai persentase butir patah sebesar 5% hingga 32%. Rerata nilai persentase butir menir sebesar 0.4% hingga 18%. Rerata nilai persentase kapur sebesar 0.4% hingga 3%. Rerata nilai persentase butir rusak sebesar 0.5% hingga 4%. Rerata nilai persentase butir merah pada beras hitam melik sebesar 0.1% hingga 3%. Rerata nilai persentase butir hitam pada beras A3 sebesar 0.22% hingga 0.23%. Pada pengujian sifat mekanik meliputi hasil pengujian gaya tekan, luas penampang, tegangan, dan regangan mengalami penurunan seiring dengan tingginya kadar air. Dapat disimpulkan hubungan antara kadar air dengan pengujian tersebut yaitu berbanding terbalik. Semakin tinggi kadar air beras maka semakin rendah nilai gaya tekan, luas penampang, tegangan, dan regangan.

English Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop, especially in Indonesia. The need for rice to meet the food needs of the population is always increasing from year to year in line with the increase in the world's population and efforts to improve people's nutrition. A quantitative increase in rice production can be done through improved handling of preharvest, harvest, and post-harvest processes appropriately. This study aimed to determine the effect of water content on yield, rice quality, and grain mechanical properties of local varieties of East Java. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (RALF) consisting of 2 factors, namely Rice and Moisture content which aims to determine the effect of grain moisture content of local varieties on yield, rice quality, and mechanical properties. The local varieties of grain used were A3, Berlian, and Hitam melik varieties. Used as much as 100 grams with 3 repetitions. The results showed that the yield average yield showed that the relationship between water content and yield was that grain moisture content ±14% produced the highest milled rice compared to water content ±11% and ±16% for the three varieties. The yield results obtained as a whole can be said to be good because it is more than 65%. The quality of rice includes head rice, broken grains, groats, lime grains, broken grains, red grains, and black grains. The resulting percentage is up and down in each variety and the increase in water content. The average percentage value of head rice is 53% to 93%. The average percentage of broken grains is 5% to 32%. The average percentage value of groats is 0.4% to 18%. The average lime percentage value is 0.4% to 3%. The average value of the percentage of damaged items is 0.5% to 4%. The average value of the percentage of red grains in black rice is 0.1% to 3%. The average percentage value of black grains in A3 rice is 0.22% to 0.23%. In testing the mechanical properties including the results of testing the compressive force, cross-sectional area, stress, and strain decreased along with the high water content. It can be concluded that the relationship between water content and the test is inversely proportional. The higher the rice water content, the lower the compressive force, cross-sectional area, stress, and strain values.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	052310
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gabah Lokal Jawa Timur, Kadar Air, Rendemen, Mutu Beras, Sifat Mekanik, dan Penggilingan East Java Local Grain, Water Content, Yield, Quality, Mechanical Properties, and Milling
Divisions:	Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with username verry
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2024 08:33
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2024 08:33
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206897

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