IRAWAN, AHMAD DONI and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sri Rahayu Utami,, M.Sc (2023) Pengaruh Material Piroklastik Gunung Semeru Terhadap Ketersediaan Fosfor dan Kalium Tanah Tertimbun. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Letusan Gunung Semeru mengeluarkan material vulkanik salah satunya berbentuk padat yaitu abu vulkanik. Timbunan abu vulkanik dalam rentang waktu pendek berdampak buruk yaitu kerusakan lingkungan dan tanaman budidaya, sebaliknya dalam rentang waktu panjang akan bermanfat bagi lahan pertanian karena cadangan mineral di dalamnya. Kandungan mineral dalam bahan letusan dapat meningkatkan kandungan unsur pada tanah tertimbun, termasuk P dan K tersedia. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji apakah bahan letusan Gunung Semeru 2021 berpotensi meningkatkan kandungan P dan K tersedia setelah 8 bulan terjadinya letusan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada para petani pemilik lahan terdampak erupsi Gunung Semeru 2021 dalam mengolah lahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah lereng Gunung Semeru sebelah tenggara, yaitu Desa Supiturang, Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif eksploratif dengan 7 kombinasi jarak dan ketebalan berbeda (J1T1, J1T2, J2T1, J2T2, J3T0, J3T1 dan J3T2) yang diambil sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memperhatikan 2 faktor yaitu jarak dari pusat letusan dan ketebalan abu vulkanik. Parameter yang diukur meliputi kandungan P-total, P-tersedia dan K-dd, C-organik serta pH bahan letusan dan tanah tertimbun. Kandungan unsur total abu vulkanik dilakukan analisis di Laboratorium Mineral dan Material Maju FMIPA UM, sedangkan kandungan P-total, P-tersedia, K-dd, pH dan C-organik dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Kandungan C-organik beberapa sampel juga dilakukan analisis di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian, Jawa Timur sebagai perbandingan. Data hasil analisis laboratorium dilakukan uji ANOVA (analysis of variance) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (Tukey) pada taraf 5%. Data diuji korelasi-regresi untuk mengetahui hubungan antar parameter hasil analisis. Data dianalisis dengan bantuan aplikasi GenStat dan Ms. Excel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh timbunan abu vulkanik hasil erupsi Gunung Semeru terhadap peningkatan kandungan unsur tanah tertimbun. Kandungan unsur total mengalami peningkatan lebih besar daripada unsur tersedia. Unsur P-total mengalami kenaikan pada tanah tertimbun dibandingkan tanah tidak terdampak, sedangkan kandungan P-tersedia dan K-dd tidak memiliki hasil yang berbeda signifikan. Pelapukan mineral abu vulkanik menjadi unsur kimia dipengaruhi oleh jenis mineral dan lingkungannya seperti suhu, kondisi air tanah dan kandungan bahan organik. Ketebalan lapisan abu vulkanik berpengaruh pada proses pelapukan unsur menjadi tersedia, sehingga kandungan unsur kimia dalam tanah tertimbun abu vulkanik tebal dan tipis berbeda.
English Abstract
The eruption of Mount Semeru released volcanic material, one of which was solid, namely volcanic ash. The accumulation of volcanic ash in a short span of time has a negative impact, it damaging the environment and cultivated plants, on the other hand in the long term it will be beneficial for agricultural land because of the mineral reserves in it. The content of mineral elements carried in the eruption material is believed to be able to increase the elemental content of the buried soil layers, including available P and K. Therefore, this study was conducted to test whether the material from the 2021 Mount Semeru eruption has the potential to increase the available P and K content after 8 months of the eruption. It is hoped that this research can provide information to farmers who own land affected by the 2021 Mount Semeru eruption in cultivating land. This research was conducted on the southeastern slopes of Mount Semeru, namely Supiturang Village, Pronojiwo District, Lumajang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The study used an exploratory descriptive design with 7 combinations of different distances and thicknesses (J1T1, J1T2, J2T1, J2T2, J3T0, J3T1 and J3T2) which were taken 3 repetitions. The research was conducted by 2 factors, namely the distance from the eruption source and the thickness of the volcanic ash. Parameters measured included total P content, available P and available K, Corganic as well as the pH of the eruptive material and buried soil. The total elemental content of volcanic ash was analyzed at the Mineral and Advanced Materials Laboratory, FMIPA UM, while the total P, available P and K content, pH and C-organic were carried out at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The C-organic content of several samples was also analyzed at the Agricultural Technology Study Center, East Java as a comparison. Data from laboratory analysis was carried out by an ANOVA (analysis of variance) test and continued with the BNJ (Tukey) test at the 5% level. The data were tested for correlation-regression to determine the relationship between the parameters of the analysis results. Data were analyzed with the GenStat application and Ms. Excel. The results showed that there was an effect of the accumulation of volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Semeru on the increase in the content of buried soil elements. The total elemental content is seen to have increased more than the available elements. Minerals in volcanic ash was weathering to become elements in the soil but in forms that are not yet available. The total P-element experienced an increase in the buried soil compared to the unaffected soil, while the available-p and available-K content did not have significantly different results. Weathering of volcanic ash minerals into chemical elements is influenced by the type of minerals and their environment such as temperature, groundwater conditions and organic matter content. The thickness of the volcanic ash layer has an influence on the weathering process of the elements to become available, so that the chemical element content in the soil buried in thick and thin layers of volcanic ash is different.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2024 08:01 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2024 08:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206713 |
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