Konsep dan Makna Ornamen Arsitektur Sasadu Suku Sahu Halmahera Barat.

Karim, Moh Rizki A and Prof. Ir. Antariksa, M.Eng., Ph.D and Ir. Agung Murti Nugroho, ST.,MT., Ph.D (2023) Konsep dan Makna Ornamen Arsitektur Sasadu Suku Sahu Halmahera Barat. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sahu merupakan salah satu suku asli yang ada di Halmahera Barat, Maluku Utara. Suku Sahu tersebar di kecamatan Sahu, Sahu Timur, dan Jailolo. Sahu pada awalnya bernama Ji’o Japung Malamo (daerah cekungan besar) lalu kemudian diberi nama Sa Wu Wu. Pada masa kesultanan Ternate, Sangaji (pemerintah) sahu menghadap sultan pada waktu sahur maka sultan memberi nama dengan sebutan Sahu. Suku Sahu terdiri dari dua suku yaitu Sahu Tala’I dan Sahu Pa’disua. Suku sahu memilki arsitektur sasadu yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ritual adat dan musywarah sehingga sasadu dijuluki sebagai rumah besar. Sasadu memiliki ornamen yang menjadi karakter dari bangunan dan menjadikan bangunan tampak estetik. Keragaman ornamen yang terdapat pada Sasadu tersebut unik dan otentik. Simbol-simbol yang disampaikan lewat ornamen tersebut memiliki konsep dan makna yang sangat melekat dengan budaya dan tradisi suku Sahu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif natrulistik sehingga penelitian dilakukan dengan kondisi objek alamiah dan peneliti sebagai instrumen kunci, kemudian pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara lalu analisis data menggunakan teknik analysis data Miles dan huberman yaitu collection, reduction, display; conclusion and drawing Verification. Objek penelitian dilakukan pada empat sasadu yaitu Sasadu Taraudu dan Sasadu Awer dari suku Sahu pa’disua serta Sasadu Worat-Worat dan Sasadu Idam Gamlamo dari suku Sahu Tala’I. Objek tersebut dipilih berdasarkan kampung tua dan jalur migrasi. Kampung tertua suku Sahu Pa’disua adalah Taraudu dan kampung tertua suku Sahu Tala’I adalah Worat-Worat. Kampung yang migrasi dari kampong tua adalah Awer dan Worat-Worat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsep motif terdiri dari konsep fungsi : esetika pada semua ornament sasadu, konstruksi pada tiang balok dan atap, serta simbolis flora, fauna, alam dan manusia. Konsep motif : alam (gunung, bulan dan bintang), manusia (toto, alat vital perempuan, perempuan, tangan, kaki manusia) flora (cempaka, tumbuhan paku, kelapa cengkeh) fauna (ular, rusa, kaki seribu) geometri (oval, segitiga sama kaki, segitiga siku-siku, trapesium, segi empat, salib, setengah lingkaran, lingkaran, belah ketupat). Konsep letak ornamen diletakkan pada tiang bagian luar (ngasu u audu), tiang bagian tengah (ngasu u tenga), tiang bagian dalam (ngasu u lamo), balok pengikat tiang (jala), bubungan atap (wanata), layar yang berada diatas bubungan atap (falajawa), dan lisplang. Makna ornamen adalah gunung Sembilan (tempat leluhur) bunga cempaka (bunga upacara), tumbuhan paku (lingkaran kehidupan), cengkeh (herbal dan penyedap rasa), tangan manusia (kasih sayang), toto (kedudukan dan zona perempuan), alat vital perempuan (kedudukan dan zona perempuan), telapak kaki (berpijak dan melngkah), kaki seribu (penjaga hutan), Ular (kehidupan dan penjaga wilayah), parang dan salawaku (harga diri, pertahanan, serta kehormatan), kepala rusa (gerak dan lincah), bulan dan bintang (kalender kehidupan), perempuan (kesetaraan dan zonasi), salib (agama Kristen), falajawa (tanda jasa), buah kelapa (hidup dimanapun berpijak), wanata (pertahanan dan persatuan), serta pagara (ruang sakral).

English Abstract

Sahu is one of the indigenous tribes in West Halmahera, North Maluku. The Sahu tribe is spread across the sub-districts of Sahu, East Sahu, and Jailolo. Sahu was originally named Ji'o Japung Malamo (large basin area) and then was given the name Sa Wu Wu. During the reign of the Ternate sultanate, Sangaji (government) met the sultan at dawn, so the sultan changed his name to Sahu. The Sahu tribe consists of two tribes, namely Sahu Tala'I and Sahu Pa'disua. The Sahu tribe has a sasadu architecture that functions as a place for traditional rituals and deliberations, so Sasadu is nicknamed the big house. Sasadu has ornaments that become the character of the building and makes the building aesthetic. The diversity of ornaments found in Sasadu is unique and authentic. The symbols conveyed through these ornaments have concepts and meanings that are closely related to the culture and traditions of the Sahu tribe. This study used a naturalist qualitative method so that researchers examined the conditions of natural objects and researchers as key instruments, then data collection was carried out using observation and interviews and then data analysis used Miles and Huberman's data analysis techniques, namely collection, reduction, display; conclusion and drawing verification. The object research was carried out on four sasadu, namely Sasadu Taraudu and Sasadu Awer from the Pa'disua tribe and Sasadu Worat-Worat and Sasadu Idam Gamlamo from the Tala'I tribe. These objects are selected based on old villages and migration paths. The oldest village of the Pa'disua tribe is Taraudu and the oldest village of Tala'I is Worat-Worat. The villages that migrated from the old village are Awer and Worat-Worat. The results showed that the motif concept consists of functional concepts: aesthetics in all sasadu ornaments, construction on beams and roofs, as well as symbolic flora, fauna, nature, and humans. The concept of motifs: nature (mountains, moon, and stars), human (toto, female vital organs, women, hands, human feet) flora (cempaka, ferns, coconut cloves) fauna (snakes, deer, millipedes) geometry (oval, isosceles triangle, right triangle, trapezoid, quadrilateral, cross, semicircle, circle, rhombus). The concept location of the ornaments is placed on the outer pole (ngasu u audu), the middle pillar (ngasu u tenga), the inner pole (ngasu u lamo), the beams binding the pole (jala), the roof ridge (wanata), the screen that is above the ridge roof (falajawa), and lisplang. The meanings of the ornaments are gunung Sembilan (place of ancestors), cempaka flowers (ceremonial flowers), ferns (circle of life), cloves (herbs and flavorings), human hands (affection), toto (women's position and zone), women's vital organs ( women's position and zone), feet (standing and walking), millipedes (guard of the forest), snakes (life and guardian of the territory), machetes and salawaku (esteem, defense, and honor), deer head (movement and agility), the moon and the stars (calendar of life), women (equality and zoning), the cross (Christianity), falajawa (sign of merit), coconuts (life wherever it stands), wanata (defense and unity), and Pagara (sacred space).

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	042307
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Suku Sahu, Sasadu, konsep ornament, makna ornamen, Sahu Tribe, Sasadu, concept of ornament, meaning of ornamen.
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Arsitektur Lingkungan Binaan, Fakultas Teknik
Depositing User:	Zainul Mustofa
Date Deposited:	09 Jan 2024 07:23
Last Modified:	09 Jan 2024 07:23
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206604

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Moh Rizki A Karim.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (14MB)

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