Putri., Adinda Dewi Zulfia and Prof. Dr. Ir. Retno Dyah Puspitarini,, M.S. and Ika Indriawati,, S.P., M.P. (2023) Evaluasi Kualitas Lama Penyimpanan dan Pelepasan Parasitoid Telur Trichogramma chilonis untuk Pengendalian Hama Penggerek Batang Tebu di Pertanaman Tebu. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Tanaman tebu merupakan salah satu tanaman perkebunan. Budidaya tanaman tebu yang terganggu dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi tebu. Salah satu organisme pengganggu pada tebu adalah Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) sebagai hama penggerek batang. Pengendalian penggerek batang dilakukan dengan pengaplikasian parasitoid telur Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Keberhasilan aplikasi pias Trichogramma sp. di lapang ditentukan oleh kualitas parasitoid yang telah diperbanyak secara massal di laboratorium. Pengaruh lama penyimpanan pias terparasit pada suhu rendah terhadap kualitas parasitoid belum banyak diketahui. Selain itu, efektivitas aplikasi parasitoid T. chilonis di lapang juga belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi, sehingga penelitian mengenai evaluasi kualitas parasitoid di laboratorium dan efektivitas pengaplikasian T. chilonis di lapang perlu dikaji. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi evaluasi kualitas parasitoid T. chilonis di laboratorium dan evaluasi pelepasan parasitoid T. chilonis di lapang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2023 di Laboratorium Parasitoid, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan (BBPPTP) Surabaya dan lahan tebu yang berlokasi di Desa Pandanwangi, Jombang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Penelitian mengenai pengaruh lama penyimpanan pias terparasit pada suhu rendah terhadap kualitas parasitoid diamati meliputi daya parasitasi, persentase kemunculan imago dan persentase jumlah imago betina diamati pada perlakuan tanpa penyimpanan, 1 minggu penyimpanan, 2 minggu penyimpanan dan 3 minggu penyimpanan. Penelitian mengenai efektivitas aplikasi parasitoid telur T. chilonis di lapang dilakukan dengan membandingkan intensitas kerusakan tanaman tebu akibat serangan PB pada kebun kontrol dengan kebun perlakuan dengan luasan kebun masing-masing seluas 5.000 m². Penentuan tanaman tebu sampel pada kedua kebun diawali dengan menentukan awalan dari pinggir lahan sepanjang 10 meter ke arah samping kiri. Selanjutnya maju sejauh 10 meter ke depan untuk memasang ajir. Kegiatan ini dilakukan berulang hingga didapatkan 20 juring pada masing-masing kebun. Batang tebu pada setiap area juring sepanjang 10 meter dianggap sebagai tanaman sampel. Kemudian ditetapkan 1 titik di tengah tanaman sampel sebagai tempat peletakan pias T. chilonis. Aplikasi pias dilakukan selama 8 kali. Setiap tanaman sampel dihitung dan diamati gejala serangan PB. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap satu minggu sekali selama 8 kali. Data persentase daya parasitasi, persentase kemunculan imago dan jumlah imago betina dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam taraf kesalahan 5%. Data intensitas kerusakan dianalisis menggunakan uji t dua sampel berpasangan dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Apabila hasil tidak memenuhi asumsi uji t meliputi uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas maka dilanjutkan dengan transformasi arcsin. Apabila data tetap tidak terdistribusi normal maka digunakan uji Nonparametrik menggunakanii uji Wilcoxon. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel 2010 dan SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase daya parasitasi pada perlakuan tanpa penyimpanan 84,91% sama dengan perlakuan 1 minggu penyimpanan 85,05%. Persentase kemunculan imago lebih tinggi terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa penyimpanan 88,47% dibandingkan dengan penyimpanan selama 3 minggu 27,99%. Persentase jumlah imago betina lebih baik pada perlakuan tanpa penyimpanan yaitu dan 68,67% dibandingkan dengan penyimpanan selama 3 minggu 40%. Selanjutnya dari hasil penelitian mengenai efektivitas aplikasi pias T. chilonis di lapang, rerata intensitas serangan PB mengalami penurunan secara signifikan pada kebun perlakuan dengan rerata dari 1,62% menjadi 0,4% atau sekitar 25% dibanding kebun kontrol. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bahwa peletakan pias parasitoid telur T. chilonis terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan intensitas serangan hama penggerek batang tebu sebesar 25%.
English Abstract
Sugarcane is one of the plantation crops. Disturbed sugarcane cultivation can lead to a decrease in sugarcane production. One of the pests on sugarcane is Chilo sacchariphagus Bojer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as stem borer pests. Stem borer control is carried out by applying egg parasitoids Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Trichocards application success in the field is determined by the quality of parasitoids that have been propagated en masse in the laboratory. Not much is known about the effect of storage time of trichocards at low temperature on the quality of parasitoids. In addition, the effectiveness of releasing parasitoids T. chilonis in the field also never been evaluation, therefore research is concerned with evaluating the quality of parasitoids in the laboratory and the effectiveness of their application T. chilonis in the field need to be studied. This study was divided into evaluation of quality control of T. chilons in the laboratory and evaluation T. chilons release in the field. The research was conducted from January to March 2023 at the Parasitoid Laboratory, Center for Plantation Seeding and Protection (BBPPTP) Surabaya and sugarcane fields located in Pandanwangi Village, Jombang. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design. Research on the effect of storage time of trichocards at low temperature on parasitoid quality was observed including parasitization power, percentage of emergence of imago and percentage of female imago observed in the treatment without storage, 1 week of storage, 2 weeks of storage and 3 weeks of storage. Research on the effectiveness of T. chilons applications in the field it was carried out by comparing the intensity of damage to sugarcane plants due to strem borer attacks in control gardens with treatment gardens with an area of 5,000 m² each. Determination of sample sugarcane plants was carried out in both gardens starting with determining the start from the edge of the land along 10 meters to the left side. Then move 10 meters forward to set the stakes. This activity was repeated until 20 wedges were obtained. Sugarcane stalks in each 10 meter long section were considered as sample plants. Then set 1 point in the middle of the sample plant as a place to place the trichocards. Trichocards application were made once a week for 8 times. Each sample plant was counted and observed for borer attack symptoms. Observations were made once a week for 8 times. Data on the percentage of parasitic power, the percentage of emergence of imago and the number of female imago were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% error rate. Damage intensity data were analyzed using a paired sample t test with an error rate of 5%. If the results do not meet the assumptions of the t test including the normality test and homogeneity test, then proceed with arcsin transformation. If the data is still not normally distributed, then used the nonparametric test using the Wilcoxon test. The data were analized using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 16.0.iv The results showed that the percentage of parasitic power in the treatment without storage was 84,91%, the same as the one week storage treatment 85,05%. The percentage of emergence of imago was higher in the treatment without storage 88,47% compared to storage for 3 weeks 27,99%. The percentage of female imago was better in the treatment without storage 68.67% compared to storage for 3 weeks 40%. Furthermore, from the results of research regarding the effectiveness of trichocards applications in the field, the average stem borer attack intensity decreased significantly in treatment gardens with an average of 1,62% to 0,4% or around 25% compared to control gardens. Thus known that the laying of trichocards proved effective in reducing the attack of stem borer intensity by 25%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2024 06:19 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2024 06:19 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206483 |
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