Nurfitriana, Adinda Ari and Prof. Dr. Agr. Sc. Hagus Tarno,, SP., MP. (2023) Keanekaragaman Hama Penggerek Batang (Kumbang Ambrosia dan Kumbang Antena Panjang) Pada Tanaman Durian di Kecamatan Songgon Kabupaten Banyuwangi:Studi Perbandingan Umur Tanaman Pada Sistem Agroforestri. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kumbang ambrosia dan kumbang antena panjang merupakan serangga penggerek batang yang menyerang tanaman berkayu. Kumbang ambrosia hidup bersimbiosis dengan jamur yang dapat menyebabkan terganggunya fisiologis tanaman inang sehingga menyebabkan tanaman mengalami kematian. Kumbang ambrosia menginvestasi banyak spesies konifer dan pohon-pohon berkayu dan salah satu tanaman berkayu yang dapat diserang adalah tanaman durian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman hama penggerek batang (kumbang ambrosia dan kumbang antena panjang) pada tanaman durian dengan umur yang berbeda pada sistem agroforestri dari kopi yang berada di Kecamatan Songgon, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bayu, Kecamatan Songgon, dan Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2023. Terdapat dua lokasi pengamatan yaitu lokasi A tanaman durian berumur 5 tahun dan lokasi B tanaman durian berumur 10 tahun. Kedua lokasi masing-masing dibagi menjadi dua plot. Setiap plot dipasang 5 perangkap kumbang ambrosia dan 2 perangkap kumbang antena panjang. Kumbang ambrosia dikumpulkan menggunakan perangkap botol berukuran 1,5 liter dengan etanol 95% sebagai atraktan. Kumbang antena panjang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan daun nangka sebagai atraktan. Data kumbang penggerek batang diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter dan morfologi kemudian dianalisis indeks keanekaragaman ShannonWiener (H’), indeks kemerataan Pielou (E), indeks dominansi Simpson’s (D), serta Indeks kesamaan Bray-Curtis (CN) menggunakan program R dengan Vegan package. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kumbang penggerek batang yang didapatkan pada terdiri dari 9 spesies dan 6 genus, yaitu Xo. compactus, Xo. crassiusculus, Xo. morigerus, Xo. discolor, Xe. affinis, Pr. cavipennis, E. parallelus, Pt. uniformis, dan Pterolophia sp. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan tertinggi terdapat pada plot 1 tanaman durian berumur 10 tahun yaitu H’ = 1.805 dan E’ = 0,822, sedangkan terendah terdapat pada plot 1 tanaman durian berumur 5 tahun yaitu H’ = 1,126 dan E’ = 0,699, nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kemerataan termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang. Terdapat spesies kumbang penggerek batang yang mendominansi keempat plot pengamatan, yaitu Pr. cavipennis. Populasi kumbang penggerek batang yang terperangkap pada plot 1 dan 2 tanaman durian berumur 10 tahun lebih tinggi yaitu 176 dan 114 individu dibandingkan dengan plot 1 dan plot 2 tanaman durian berumur 5 tahun yaitu 42 dan 57 individu
English Abstract
The ambrosia beetle and the long antennae beetle are stem boring insects that attack woody plants. The ambrosia beetle lives in symbiosis with a fungus which can cause physiological disturbances to the host plant, which can cause the plant to die. Ambrosia beetle usually infests many species of conifers and woody trees and one of the woody plants that can be attacked is the durian plant. The aim of this study was to study the diversity of stem borer pests (ambrosia beetles and long antenna beetles) on durian plants of different ages in coffee agroforestry systems located in Songgon District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. The research was carried out in residents' durian plantations located in Bayu Village, Songgon District, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java and the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University from January to March 2023. There were two observation locations, namely location A durian plants are 5 years old and location B durian plants are 10 years old. Both locations were divided into two plots where were installed in each plot consisting of 5 ambrosia beetle traps and 2 long antennae beetle traps. Each trap is installed with a distance of 20 meters between traps. Ambrosia beetle specimens were collected using a 1.5 liter bottle trap with bait, namely 95% ethanol which was attached by tying it to a durian plant stem at a height of 1 – 1.5 meters above the ground. Specimens of long-antennae beetles were collected using jackfruit leaves as an attractant which was installed by hanging the jackfruit leaves facing downwards and tied to the durian plant stem. Stem borer specimens were collected 8 times at intervals of three days for one month. The stem borer data obtained was then identified based on characters and morphology and then analyzed the Shannon-Winner diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (E), Simpson's dominance index (D), and Bray-Curtis similarity index (CN) using the program R with Vegan package. The results showed that the stem borer found on durian plants aged 5 years and 10 years consisted of 9 species and 6 genera, namely Xo. compactus, Xo. crassiusculus, Xo. morigerus, Xo. discolor, Xe. affinis, Pr. cavipennis, E. parallelus, Pt. uniformis, and Pterolophia sp. The highest diversity and evenness index values were found in plot 1 of 10 year old durian plants, namely H' = 1.805 and E' = 0.822, while the lowest were found in plot 1 of 5 year old durian plants, namely H' = 1.126 and E' = 0.699, index values diversity and evenness are included in the medium category. There is a species of stem borer that dominates the four observation plots, namely Premnobius cavipennis. The population of stem borer beetles trapped in plots 1 and 2 of 10-year-old durian plants was higher, namely 176 and 114 individuals, compared to plots 1 and plot 2 of 5-year-old durian plants, namely 42 and 57 individuals
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 052304 |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agroekoteknologi |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username chikyta |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2024 04:03 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2024 04:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206472 |
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