Rojikhah, Afifatur and Prof. Amin Setyo Leksono,, S.Si., M.Si., Ph. D and Arief Rachmansyah, Dr. rer. Nat. Ir. (2023) Ekotapak Pola Usaha Pokok Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Morfologi di Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional mengarahkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing daerah perlu dibentuk pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi baru. Transmigrasi adalah salah satu bentuk pembangunan yang dapat menciptakan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru melalui pengembangan system produksi pertanian dan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Dalam rangka mendukung percepatan pusat pertumbuhan, Bupati Kabupaten Sumba Timur mencadangkan lahan seluas 100.000 Ha untuk Kawasan Transmigrasi. Namun, berdasarkan data penggunaan lahan dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan menunjukkan bahwa dari tahun ke tahun terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan akibat dari pembukaan lahan. Pencadangan lahan yang besar berpotensi menimbulkan pembukaan lahan sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup mengamanatkan bahwa perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup perlu mempertimbangkan kesamaan karakteristik lingkungan fisik, flora/fauna dan social budaya pada setiap ekotapak. Oleh karena itu, pembangunan Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo menjadikan ekotapak sebagai dasar untuk menentukan pengembangan system produksi pertanian melalui pola usaha pokok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi ekotapak di Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo, menganalisis kesesuaian ekotapak dengan persyaratan tumbuh tanaman yang dikembangkan untuk system produksi pertanian melalui pola usaha pokok dan merumuskan jenis tanaman yang dapat dikembangkan untuk system produksi pertanian melalui pola usaha pokok. Jenis tanaman yang dianalisis meliputi tanaman eksisting yang ditanam transmigrant dan tanaman strategis. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengumpulkan data yang mempengaruhi morfologi lahan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik ekotapak dan sebaran penggunaan lahan. Setiap karakteristik ekotapak dicocokkan dengan persyaratan tumbuh tanaman sehingga tersusun kesesuaian lahan. Hasil kesesuaian lahan dikomunikasikan dengan transmigrant melalui Focus Group Discussion untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan dan minat dalam mengembangkan system produksi pertanian melalui pola usaha pokok. Hasil tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Location Quotien dan nilai ekonomi sehingga dapat diketahui tanaman apa saja yang menjadi sector unggulan untuk pengembangan pola usaha pokok. Jenis tanaman eksisting dan tanaman strategis yang memiliki kesesuaian dengan ekotapak di Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo terdiri dari tanaman jagung (Zea mays), kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea), kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus), kedelaix (Glycine Max.), ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis ENDL), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), terong (Solanum melongena LINN), tomat sayur (Solanum lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), semangka (Colocynthis citrullus), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya), mangga (Mangifera indica), jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale), tebu (Saccharum officinarum) dan kayu putih (Eucalyptus grandis). Hasil analisis kesesuaian lahan menunjukkan bahwa Sebagian besar tanaman termasuk dalam kelas sesuai marginal (S3) dengan factor pembatas ketersediaan air, tekstur tanah dan sifat drainase tanah. Hasil analisis social menunjukkan bahwa transmigrant di Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo masih belum siap untuk mengembangkan pola usaha pokok. Hasil produksi pertanian hanya digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Dari segi pengenalan terhadap komoditas, sumberdaya manusia dan teknologi serta sarana prasarana masih belum siap. Sementara itu, hasil pertanian yang banyak ditanam dan diminati adalah jagung (Zea mays), kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea), ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya) dan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale). Berdasarkan data hasil produksi, bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), tomat (Solanum lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), manga (Mangifera indica), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya) dan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale) adalah tanaman dengan hasil produksi yang tinggi di Kawasan Transmigrasi Melolo. Lima (5) dari tujuh (7) tanaman dengan hasil produksi yang tinggi dapat menjadi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Tanaman yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sector unggulan meliputi bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), mangga (Mangifera indica), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA) dan papaya (Carica papaya). Sementara itu, berdasarkan nilai ekonomi, tanaman jagung (Zea mays), kedelai (Glycine Max.), ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), cabai merah (Capsicum annuum), kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis ENDL), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), terong (Solanum melongena LINN), tomat (Solanum lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA) dan papaya (Carica papaya) mampu menghasilkan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Pengembangan pola usaha pokok didasarkan pada lingkungan fisik, social dan ekonomi serta tanaman yang mendukung agronomi dan fungsi konservasi sehingga tanaman yang direkomendasikan adalah jagung (Zea mays), kacang tanah (Manihot esculenta), kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus), kedelai (Glycine Max.), bawang merah (Allium oscolonicum), buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis ENDL), sawi (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), pisang (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya), semangka (Colocynthis citrullus), jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale), tebu (Saccharum officinarum) dan kayu putih (Eucalyptus grandis).
English Abstract
The National Development Planning Agency directs that to increase regional productivity and competitiveness it is necessary to establish new centers of economic growth. Transmigration is a form of development that can create new growth centers through the development of agricultural production systems and natural resource management. To support the acceleration of growth centers, the East Sumba District Head reserved 100,000 hectares of land for the Transmigration Area. However, based on land use data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, shows that land use changes from year to year as a result of land clearing. Large land reserves have the potential to cause land clearing which can cause a decrease in environmental quality. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management stipulates that environmental protection and management need to consider the similarity of physical environmental characteristics, flora/fauna, and socio-culture in each ecosite. Therefore, the development of the Melolo Transmigration Area makes ecosite the basis for determining the development of agricultural production systems through the main business pattern. The purpose of this study was to identify ecosites in the Melolo Transmigration Area, analyze the suitability of the ecosites with the requirements for growing plants developed for agricultural production systems through the main business pattern and formulate types of plants that can be developed for agricultural production systems through the main business pattern. The types of plants analyzed included existing plants planted by transmigrants and strategic plants. This research begins by collecting data that affect land morphology to identify the characteristics of ecosites and the distribution of land use. Each characteristic of the ecosite is matched with the requirements for plant growth so that land suitability is arranged. Land suitability results are communicated with transmigrants through Focus Group Discussions to determine the level of readiness and interest in developing agricultural production systems through the main business pattern. These results are then analyzed using Location Quotien analysis and economic value so that it can be known which plants are the leading sectors for the development of the main business pattern. Types of existing plants and strategic plants that are compatible with the eco-sites in the Melolo Transmigration Area consist of maize (Zea mays), peanuts (Arachis hypogea), green beans (Phaseolus radiatus), soybeans (Glycine Max.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), shallots (Allium oscolonicum), chili (Capsicum annuum), long beans (Vigna sinensis ENDL), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), chickpeas (Phaseolus vulgaris), eggplant (Solanum melongena LINN), tomatoes (Solanumxii lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), watermelon (Colocynthis citrullus), banana (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya), mango (Mangifera indica), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis). The results of the land suitability analysis show that most of the plants are included in the marginally suitable class (S3) with the limiting factors of water availability, soil texture, and soil drainage properties. The results of the social analysis show that the transmigrants in the Melolo Transmigration Area are still not ready to develop a basic business pattern. Agricultural production is only used to meet daily needs. In terms of the introduction of commodities, human resources, technology, and infrastructure are still not ready. Meanwhile, agricultural products that are widely planted and in great demand are corn (Zea mays), peanuts (Arachis hypogea), cassava (Manihot esculenta), shallots (Allium oscolonicum), chilies (Capsicum annuum), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN.), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), banana (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya), and cashew (Anacardium occidentale). Based on production data, shallots (Allium oscolonicum), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), mangoes (Mangifera indica), bananas (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya) and cashews (Anacardium occidentale) are a plant with high yields in the Melolo Transmigration Area. Five (5) out of seven (7) plants with high yields can become leading sectors in East Sumba Regency. Plants that can be used as a leading sector include shallots (Allium oscolonicum), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), mangoes (Mangifera indica), bananas (Musa acuminata COLLA), and papaya (Carica papaya). Meanwhile, based on economic value, corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine Max.), cassava (Manihot esculenta), shallots (Allium oscolonicum), chilies (Capsicum annuum), long beans (Vigna sinensis ENDL), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN.), chickpeas (Phaseolus vulgaris), eggplant (Solanum melongena LINN), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon esculentum MILL.), bananas (Musa acuminata COLLA) and papaya (Carica papaya) can produce high economic value. The development of the main business pattern is based on the physical, social, and economic environment as well as plants that support agronomy and conservation functions so the recommended plants are corn (Zea mays), peanuts (Manihot esculenta), green beans (Phaseolus radiatus), soybeans (Glycine Max.), shallots (Allium oscolonicum), chickpeas (Phaseolus vulgaris), long beans (Vigna sinensis ENDL), mustard (Brassica rugosa FRAIN), bananas (Musa acuminata COLLA), papaya (Carica papaya), watermelon (Colocynthis citrullus), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis)
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | - |
| Divisions: | Program Pascasarjana > Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with username suprihatin |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2024 02:13 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2024 02:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/206344 |
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