Sari, Revidah Fitria and Candra Adi Intyas, S.Pi, MP (2023) Peran Modal Sosial dalam Pengembangan Ekowisata Bangsring Underwater di Desa Bangsring, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan memiliki wilayah pesisir dengan potensi ikan hias dan terumbu karang. Namun, sayangnya penangkapan ikan seringkali tidak berwawasan lingkungan seperti yang terjadi pada Desa Bangsring beberapa dekade lalu. Hal ini secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kesejahteraan nelayan ikan hias di daerah tersebut hingga pada akhirnya para nelayan mengubah pola pikir menjadi konservatif. Hingga ekosistem di wilayah tersebut pulih dan dibentuk menjadi ekowisata. Perubahan ini tentunya membutuhkan modal yang kuat salah satunya modal sosial seperti halnya pada proses pengembangan ekowisata seperti saat ini. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian modal sosial di Desa Bangsring sebagai dasar pengembangan Ekowisata BUNDER. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu metode sampel jenuh (sensus) untuk pengurus ekowisata dan metode purposive sampling untuk masyarakat sekitar. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), kuesioner SCAT, dan studi pustaka. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan analisis deskriptif kondisi ekowisata, identifikasi unsur-unsur modal sosial, analisis nilai unsur-unsur modal sosial, analisis ketercukupan modal sosial menggunakan Social Capital Assessment Tools (SCAT), dan analisis pengaruh unsur-unsur modal sosial menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Unsur-unsur modal sosial yang terdapat pada Ekowisata Bangsring Underwater (BUNDER) terdiri dari kepercayaan, jaringan sosial, norma sosial, tindakan proaktif, serta kepedulian terhadap sesama dan lingkungan. Nilai unsur kepercayaan (trust) memiliki rerata 2,16, unsur jaringan sosial (social networks) memiliki rerata 2,5, unsur norma sosial (social norms) dengan rerata 2,66, tindakan proaktif (proactive action) memiliki rerata 2,75, serta kepedulian terhadap sesama dan lingkungan (concern for others and the environment) memiliki rerata 2,8. Nilai modal sosial di Ekowisata Bangsring Underwater (BUNDER) adalah 74 yang berarti masuk kedalam kategori tinggi artinya ekowisata tersebut dapat dengan mudah untuk dikembangkan. Hasil analisis hubungan pengaruh nyata (T-Value) adalah: (a) kepercayaan (0,13), jaringan sosial (7,35), norma sosial (7,57), tindakan proaktif (10,22), serta kepedulian terhadap sesama dan lingkungan (13,14). Semua unsur modal sosial ekowisata lebih besar dari T-Tabel (1,93) maka semua unsur modal sosial berpengaruh nyata kecuali unsur kepercayaan (0,13). Unsur modal sosial paling berpengaruh berdasarkan nilai koefisien estimasi adalah unsur norma sosial (0,93). Saran peraturan pengembangan Ekowisata BUNDER berdasarkan modal sosial yang ada diarahkan pada pengembangan ekowisata ke norma sosial. Kebijakan peraturan memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip dasar dari ekowisata yaitu berwawasan lingkungan.
English Abstract
Indonesia, being an archipelagic nation, has coastal areas with potential for ornamental fish and coral reefs. However, unfortunately, fishing practices in these areas often lack environmental awareness, as was the case in Desa Bangsring several decades ago. This indirectly affected the well-being of the local ornamental fishermen, prompting them to adopt a conservative mindset. Eventually, the ecosystem in the area recovered, leading to the establishment of ecotourism. Such a transformation requires strong resources, including social capital, in the current ecotourism development process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on social capital in Desa Bangsring as the foundation for the development of BUNDER Ecotourism. The type of research method used is descriptive research. The type of data used includes primary data and secondary data. The sampling method employed is a saturated sample method (census) for eco-tourism managers and purposive sampling for the surrounding community. The data collection techniques used include participatory observation, in-depth interviews, SCAT questionnaires, and literature review. The data analysis methods used include descriptive analysis of the eco-tourism conditions, identification of social capital elements, analysis of the value of social capital elements, analysis of social capital adequacy using the Social Capital Assessment Tools (SCAT), and analysis of the influence of social capital elements using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The elements of social capital found in Bangsring Underwater Ecotourism (BUNDER) consist of trust, social networks, social norms, proactive action, and concern for others and the environment. The average value of trust is 2.16, social networks have an average value of 2.5, social norms have an average value of 2.66, proactive action has an average value of 2.75, and concern for others and the environment has an average value of 2.8. The total social capital score in Bangsring Underwater Ecotourism (BUNDER) is 74, which falls into the high category, indicating that the ecotourism site can be easily developed. The results of the analysis of significant influence (T-Value) are as follows: (a) trust (0.13), social networks (7.35), social norms (7.57), proactive action (10.22), and concern for others and the environment (13.14). All elements of social capital in ecotourism are greater than the T-Table value (1.93), which means all elements have a significant influence except for trust (0.13). The most influential element of social capital based on the estimated coefficient value is social norms (0.93). The development regulations for BUNDER Ecotourism based on existing social capital should focus on promoting social norms in ecotourism. Policy regulations should also consider the fundamental principles of ecotourism, which emphasize environmental sustainability.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0523080647 |
Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing) |
Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Agrobisnis Perikanan |
Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2024 08:28 |
Last Modified: | 02 Jan 2024 08:28 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205737 |
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