Kenitasari, Rahmalia Eka and Prof. Dr. Ir. Arief Prajitno, , MS. and Dr. Ir. Arning Wilujeng Ekawati.,, M.S. (2023) Potensi Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Saga (Abrus precatorius) terhadap Profil Hematologi dan Hispatologi Usus Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Perkembangan zaman dan metode dalam usaha budidaya secara intensif dapat menimbulkan dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak negatif dari kegiatan tersebut adalah munculnya penyakit ikan MAS yang terjadi karena ketidakseimbangan hubungan antara lingkungan, ikan dan patogen. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk meminimalisir penggunaan antibiotik yakni menggunakan bahan alami, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan daun saga (A. precatorius). Tanaman saga mengandung sejumlah bahan penting seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid, protein yang dianggap dapat berperan penting melawan bakteri dan racun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan dosis terbaik serta gambaran profil hematologi dan histopatologi ikan mas yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022 - Mei 2023 di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Divisi Penyakit dan Kesehatan Ikan, Laboratorium Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Penelitian tahap pertama meliputi ekstraksi dan karakterisasi senyawa antibakteri pada daun saga (uji fitokimia dan FTIR) dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antibakteri Aeromonas hydrophila meliputi uji cakram, uji MIC dan uji SEM. Penelitian tahap kedua, meliputi pengaplikasian ekstrak daun saga yang bersifat antibakteri pada ikan mas yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada skala laboratorium (uji patogenitas, uji toksisitas ekstrak, pengamatan hematologi yang terdiri dari eritrosit, leukosit, differensial leukosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, pengamatan histopatologi usus, pengamatan gejala klinis, kelulushidupan, dan kualitas air). Analisis data pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) menggunakan aplikasi software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar daun saga didominasi oleh flavonoid dan alkaloid. Hasil uji cakram tertinggi didapatkan sebesar 14,44 mm pada dosis 200 mg/L. Pada uji patogenitas (LD50) bakteri A. hydrophila didapatkan kepadatan bakteri sebesar 107 sel/ml dan uji toksisitas (LC50) menyatakan bahwa ekstrak daun saga (A. precatorius) yang tidak beracun bagi ikan. Berdasarkan hasil tahap pertama maka dilanjutkan ke tahap kedua dengan meningkatkan dosis perlakuan sebesar 100, 200, 300, 400 dan 500 mg/L. Hasil pemberian ekstrak daun saga (A. precatorius) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada setiap perlakuan terhadap eritrosit, leukosit, differensial leukosit, hematokrit, dan hemoglobin serta pada histopatologi. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa potensi nilai dosis ekstrak daun saga (A. precatorius) yang paling berpengaruh terhadap eritrosit, leukosit, differensial leukosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin dan hispatologi usus terdapat pada dosis 400 mg/L. Saran yang dapat diberikan untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah perlunya pengujian histopatologi selain usus pada ikan mas (C. carpio) menggunakan ekstrak akar, batang maupun bagian lainnya dari tumbuhan dari saga (A. precatorius).
English Abstract
The development of the times and methods in intensive cultivation can have positive and negative impacts. The negative impact of these activities is the emergence of fish diseases that occur due to an imbalance in the relationship between the environment, fish and pathogens. Alternatives that can be used to minimize the use of antibiotics are using natural ingredients, one of which is by utilizing sage leaves (A. precatorius). The saga plant contains a number of important ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, proteins which are thought to play an important role in fighting poisons. The purpose of this study was to determine the best dose and to describe the hematological and histopathological profiles of infected goldfish A. hydrophila. This research was conducted in September 2022 - May 2023 at the Fish Culture Laboratory, Division of Fish Disease and Health, Laboratory of Exploration of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). The first phase of the research included the extraction and characterization of antibacterial compounds in saga leaves (phytochemical and FTIR tests) followed by antibacterial activity tests. A. hydrophila includes disc test, MIC test and SEM test. The second phase of the research involved the application of saga leaf extract which is antibacterial in infected carp A. hydrophila on the scale laboratory (pathogenic test, extract toxicity test, hematological observation). consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, observation of intestinal histopathology, observation of clinical symptoms, survival, and water quality). Data analysis in this study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) using a software application Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 for Windows. The results showed that the crude extract of saga leaves was dominated by flavonoids and alkaloids. The highest disc test result was obtained at 14.44 mm at a dose of 200 mg/L. In the pathogenicity test (LD50) bacteria A. hydrophila obtained a bacterial density of 107 cells/ml and toxicity test (LC50) stated that saga leaf extract (A. precatorius) which is non-toxic to fish. Based on the results of the first stage, proceed to the second stage by increasing the treatment dose by 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L. The results of giving saga leaf extract (A. precatorius) had a significant effect on each treatment on erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin as well as on histopathology. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study indicate that the dose value of saga leaf extract (A. precatorius) which has the most effect on erythrocytes, leukocytes, differential leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and intestinal hispathology at a dose of 400 mg/L. Suggestions that can be given for further research is the need for histopathological testing other than the intestine in carp (C. carpio) using extracts of roots, stems and other parts of plants from saga (A. precatorius).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0423080021 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2023 02:53 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Dec 2023 02:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205685 |
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