Struktur Komunitas dan Biomassa Ikan Karang di Perairan Selat Sempu, Kabupaten Malang

Ariefandi, Muhammad Fikri and Andik Isdianto,, ST, MT and M. Arif As’adi,, S.Kel, M.Sc (2023) Struktur Komunitas dan Biomassa Ikan Karang di Perairan Selat Sempu, Kabupaten Malang. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Ikan karang merupakan salah satu kelompok hewan yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang, hidup menetap serta mencari makan di areal terumbu karang. Ikan karang memegang peranan penting yang salah satunya dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem yang memiliki fungsi ekologis dan ekonomis. Total perikanan dalam terumbu karang sekitar 9-12% dari total perikanan dunia. Struktur habitat terumbu karang itu sendiri sangat berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman, komposisi, dan kelimpahan ikan yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang. Kelimpahan ikan terumbu karang di Perairan Selat Sempu cenderung mengalami fluktuasi tiap tahunnya. Pentingnya dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan biomassa ikan terumbu karang yang dilakukan pada 5 lokasi penelitian di Perairan Selat Sempu serta hubungannya dengan tutupan karang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022 – April 2023. Pengambilan data dilakukan tiap dua bulan sekali. Lokasi penelitian berada di perairan Selat Sempu, Sendang Biru, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur dengan dipasangnya transek semi permanen di 5 stasiun. Pengambilan data ikan terumbu karang menggunakan metode UVC (Underwater Visual Cencus) dengan transek garis berdiameter 100 x 5 meter. Pengambilan data biomassa ikan karang dilakukan dengan mencatat panjang total ikan tersebut dengan cara estimasi. Pengambilan data tutupan terumbu karang menggunakan metode transek kuadran ukuran 1 x 1 m dan Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Data parameter yang diambil yaitu suhu, salinitas, kecerahan yang diambil sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan di setiap stasiunnya dan data kecepatan arus (data sekunder). Kelimpahan ikan karang di kelima stasiun yang paling tinggi yaitu stasiun Rumah Apung dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,577 ind/m2 dan paling rendah terdapat pada stasiun Jeti Pelabuhan dengan kelimpahan sebesar 0,447 ind/m2. Secara keseluruhan, nilai keanekaragaman ikan karang di Perairan Selat Sempu berkisar 1,744 – 2,249 termasuk dalam kategori “sedang”. Nilai keseragaman ikan karang di Perairan Selat Sempu berkisar 0,662 – 0,773 termasuk dalam kategori “stabil”. Indeks dominansi ikan karang di Perairan Selat Sempu berkisar 0,151 – 0,255 dan tergolong “rendah”. Biomassa ikan tertinggi pada di stasiun Rumah Apung memiliki biomassa sebesar 0,0054 kg/m2 dan biomassa terendah stasiun Banyu Tawar sebesar 0,0034 kg/m2. Rata-rata total biomassa ikan terumbu karang dari seluruh stasiun yaitu sebesar 0,0208 kg/m2. Hasil korelasi antara tutupan karang dengan kelimpahan ikan adalah 0,741 yang memiliki hubungan yang kuat dan positif, dengan nilai determinansi sebesar R2=0,549. Hasil korelasi antara tutupan karang dengan biomassa ikan karang yaitu sebesar 0,666, dan termasuk dalam hubungan positif dan kuat, dengan nilai determinansi sebesar R2=0,444.

English Abstract

Coral fish is a group of animals associated with coral reefs, living sedentary and looking for food in coral reef areas. Reef fish play an important role, one of which is in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem which has ecological and economic functions. Total fisheries in coral reefs are around 9-12% of the world's total fisheries. The structure of the coral reef habitat itself greatly influences the richness, composition, and abundance of fish associated with coral reefs. The abundance of coral reef fish in the Sempu Strait waters tends to fluctuate every year. The importance of conducting this research is to determine the community structure and biomass of reef fish which were carried out at 5 research locations in Sempu Strait waters and associated with coral cover. The research was conducted in December 2022 - April 2023. Data collection was carried out every two months. The research location is in the waters of the Sempu Strait, Sendang Biru, Malang Regency, East Java at 5 stations. Coral reef fish data were collected using the UVC (Underwater Visual Cencus) method with a line transect with a diameter of 100 x 5 meters. Reef fish biomass data was collected by recording the total length of the fish by means of estimation. Coral reef cover data was collected using the 1 x 1 m quadrant transect method and the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Parameter data taken were temperature, salinity, visibility taken three repetitions at each station and current velocity data (secondary data). The highest abundance of reef fish at the five sites was Rumah Apung with an average of 0.577 ind/m2 and the lowest was at Jeti Pelabuhan with an abundance of 0.447 ind/m2. Overall, the value of coral reef fish Diversity in the Sempu Strait waters is included in the "moderate" category. The Evennes value of coral reef fish in the Sempu Strait is included in the "stable" category. The Dominance index of coral reef fish in the Sempu Strait waters is classified as "low". The highest fish biomass was found at the Rumah Apung with a biomass of 0,0054 kg/m2 and the lowest biomass at the Banyu Tawar was 0,0034 kg/m2. The average total biomass of coral reef fish in all observation sites is 0,0208 kg/m2. The result of the correlation test between coral cover and fish abundance was 0.741 that it has a strong and positive relationship, with a determinant value of R2 = 0.549. While the results of the correlation between coral cover and reef fish biomass showed a correlation of 0.666, which based on the correlation criteria included in a positive and strong relationship with a determinant value of R2 = 0.444.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523080560
Subjects:	500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology > 551.4 Geomorphology and hydrosphere > 551.46 Oceanography and submarine geology
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	Sugeng Moelyono
Date Deposited:	20 Dec 2023 03:13
Last Modified:	20 Dec 2023 03:13
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205382

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