Analisis Jaringan Intestine dan Ginjal Ikan Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) di Sungai Porong Terkait Cemaran Mikroplastik Perairan

Muntaha, Moh. Fadjrul Haqqi and Dr. Uun Yanuhar,, S.Pi., M.Pi (2023) Analisis Jaringan Intestine dan Ginjal Ikan Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) di Sungai Porong Terkait Cemaran Mikroplastik Perairan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Sungai merupakan habitat makhluk hidup yang didalamnya terdapat hubungan timbal balik dengan lingkungannya. Ikan merupakan salah satu sumber energi sungai yang dapat dimanfaatkan sehingga perlu dilestarikan. Kualitas perairan sungai sangat dipengaruhi oleh bahan pencemar yang terdapat di dalamnya. Bahan pencemar yang menjadi ancaman serius didominasi oleh sampah plastik. Mikroplastik merupakan sampah plastik yang memiliki ukuran kurang dari 5 mm. Mikroplastik tidak hanya berada di air permukaan, tetapi juga disedimen, tanah, dan organisme. Organisme akuatik dapat menelan mikroplastik karena ukurannya yang kecil dan menyerupai larva organisme termasuk plankton. Ikan yang tercemar mikroplastik diperairan akan mengalami kerusakan jaringan pada jaringan tubuhnya seperti intestine dan ginjal. Kerusakan akibat cemaran mikroplastik di perairan sungai pada ikan dapat diketahui dengan melakukan analisis jaringan pada jaringan intestine dan ginjal. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Penentuan titik sampling menggunakan teknik porposive random sampling dengan 5 stasiun. Variabel penelitian yang diamati meliputi identifikasi kerusakan jaringan pada Intestine dan ginjal dan mikroplastik pada jaringan ikan. Identifikasi mikroplastik dan jaringan dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022-Februari 2023. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel air, sedimen dan jaringan ikan (intestine dan ginjal) yaitu film, fiber, fragmen dan pellet. Rata-rata kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada jaringan ginjal nilai tertinggi adalah jenis fragmen 1,3 partikel/individu dan yang terendah jenis pelet 1,1 partikel/individu. Mikroplastik pada jaringan usus nilai tertinggi adalah jenis fragmen 1,6 partikel/individu dan yang terendah jenis fiber 0,9 partikel/individu. Cemaran mikroplastik memberikan pengaruh terhadap kerusakan pada jaringan intestine dan ginjal ikan tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) baik kerusakan nekrosis, edema dan juga hemoragi. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan pada setiap kerusakan (nekrosis, edema, hemoragi) tiap jaringan intestine dan ginjal nilai F hitung > F tabel, sehingga dapat dikatakan tingkat kerusakan (nekrosis, edema, hemoragi) pada jaringan intestine dan ginjal ikan tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus) berbeda nyata di setiap lokasinya yang dapat dilihat dari hasil uji BNT. Kualitas air sebagai faktor penunjang dalam manajemen kualitas air yaitu suhu (19,2-29,0 ℃), pH (6,7-7,2), DO (4,5-7,3 mg/L), CO2 (10,6- 20,3 mg/L) masih sesuai dengan baku mutu dan dapat menunjang kelangsungan hidup ikan tawes. Saran penelitian ini yaitu perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terkait analisis jaringan ikan terkait cemaran mikroplastik perairan, dikarenakan cemaran mikroplastik pada organisme akuatik sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai komuditas konsumsi.

English Abstract

The river is the habitat of living things in which there is a reciprocal relationship with the environment. Fish is a source of river energy that can be utilized so it needs to be preserved. The quality of river waters is strongly influenced by the pollutants contained in it. Pollutants that pose a serious threat are dominated by plastic waste. Microplastics are plastic waste that has a size of less than 5 mm. Microplastics are not only present in surface water, but also in sediments, soil and organisms. Aquatic organisms can ingest microplastics because of their small size and larvae-like organisms including plankton. Fish contaminated with microplastics in the water will experience tissue damage in their organs such as the intestine and kidney. Damage due to microplastic contamination in river waters on fish can be determined by performing jaringancal analysis on the intestine and kidney tissue. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Determination of sampling points using porposive random sampling technique with 5 stations. The research variables observed included identification of tissue damage to the intestines and kidneys and microplastics in fish organs. Identification of microplastics and jaringan tissue was carried out using a microscope. Research activities were carried out in December 2022-February 2023. Based on the research results, it was found that the types of microplastics were found in water samples, sediments and fish organs (intestines and kidneys), namely films, fibers, fragments and pellets. The highest average abundance of microplastics in the kidney organs was for the type of fragment of 1.3 particles/individual and the lowest for the type of pellet, 1.1 particles/individual. Microplastic in the intestinal organs, the highest value was the type of fragment of 1.6 particles/individual and the lowest was the type of fiber, 0.9 particles/individual. Microplastic contamination has an effect on damage to the intestine and kidney tissue of tawes fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) both damage to necrosis, edema and also hemorrhage. The results of the ANOVA test showed that for each damage (necrosis, edema, hemorrhage) to each jaringan of the intestine and kidney, the value of F count > F table, so that it can be said that the level of damage (necrosis, edema, hemorrhage) in the intestine and kidney of tawes fish (Barbonymus gonionotus) is different. real at each location which can be seen from the results of the BNT test. Water quality as a supporting factor in water quality management is temperature (19.2-29.0 ℃), pH (6.7-7.2), DO (4.5-7.3 mg/L), CO2 (10 .6-20.3 mg/L) is still in accordance with quality standards and can support the survival of tawes fish. The suggestion for this research is the need for further research related to the jaringancal analysis of fish related to aquatic microplastic contamination, because microplastic contamination in aquatic organisms is often used by the public as a consumable commodity.

Item Type: Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number: 0523080537
Subjects: 300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.95 Biological resources > 333.956 Fishes
Divisions: Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan
Depositing User: soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited: 18 Dec 2023 02:40
Last Modified: 18 Dec 2023 02:40
URI: http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205322
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