Manajemen Risiko Produksi Usaha Pembesaran Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Di Kabupaten Kediri dengan Pendekatan Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Abdillah, Kartika Intan and Riski Agung Lestariadi,, S.Pi., M.P., Ph.D (2023) Manajemen Risiko Produksi Usaha Pembesaran Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Di Kabupaten Kediri dengan Pendekatan Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Usaha budidaya ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu sektor perikanan di Kabupaten Kediri yang menyumbang peranan terbesar dalam pembentukan PDRB Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku pada tahun 2021. Sektor tersebut tercatat memberikan kontribusi sebesar 23,33% dengan menempati posisi pertama dari kategori lapangan usaha lainnya. Usaha budidaya ikan hias di Kabupaten Kediri pada dasarnya merupakan salah satu sektor perikanan budidaya yang cukup potensial. Nilai produksi ikan hias koi pada tahun 2022 tercatat sebagai komoditas yang memiliki nilai produksi paling tinggi di antara komoditas lainnya yaitu mencapai Rp463.518.600. Usaha budidaya ikan hias menawarkan peluang memperoleh profit yang cukup besar, namun kemungkinan untuk mengalami risiko usaha juga bisa terjadi. Beberapa risiko yang mengancam kelangsungan budidaya ikan koi di antaranya perpindahan musim, hama, dan penyakit. Risiko yang terjadi tercatat dapat menyebabkan kerugian besar yang berdampak pada kelangsungan hidup usaha. Kemungkinan risiko dalam kegiatan produksi yang dialami oleh pembudidaya ikan koi dalam proses produksi usaha perlu diminimalkan dengan menerapkan manajamen risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko, menganalisis urutan skala prioritas risiko dan strategi manajemen risiko produksi pada usaha pembesaran ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) di Kabupaten Kediri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Desember sampai dengan April 2023 di 7 kecamatan Kabupaten Kediri. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive). Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Jenis dan sumber data menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), kuisioner, dan dokumentasi kepada 5 orang expert dan 40 responden. Jumlah penentuan responden menggunakan formula Taro Yamane. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportionate random sampling. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Hasil identifikasi risiko didapatkan sebanyak 33 variabel risiko. Hasil 33 variabel risiko yang telah teridentifikasi tersebut di antaranya 5 risiko dari aktivitas persiapan kolam, 6 risiko dari aktivitas penebaran benih, 17 risiko dari aktivitas pemeliharaan dan 5 risiko didapatkan dari aktivitas pemanenan. Hasil prioritas risiko didapatkan tingkat risiko yang terjadi selama proses produksi pembesaran koi di Kabupaten Kediri sangat tinggi. Tingkat tersebut dapat dilihat dari 3 risiko dengan nilai RPN tertinggi yang tergolong dalam level Very High Risk yaitu ikan koi terserang jamur Branchiomyces sp. (C13). ikan koi terserang parasit Myxobolus sp. (C5), dan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila (C3). Risiko lainnya dengan level High Risk di antaranya adalah tanggul pada kolam tidak kuat menahan beban air karena tanah lembek (A4), benih yang ditebar mengalami stress karena musim pancaroba (B1), benih ikan koi mengalami kematian terkena parasit (B5), lambatnya pertumbuhan ikan koi (C1), ikan koi berkurang karena predator burung (C2), ikan koi terbentur dinding kolam karena terserang kutu (C6), tubuh ikan koi tidak utuh bahkan kematian (C7) dan ikan koi mengalami luka karena predator (D3). Risiko dengan level very high dan high risk tersebut menjadi prioritas untuk dilakukan tindakan strategi manajemen risiko. Hasil analisis diperoleh 7 risiko yang menjadi prioritas untuk dilakukan strategi manajemen risiko lebih awal karena tergolong risiko kritis. Prioritas risiko meliputi benih ikan koi mengalami kematian terkena parasit Myxobolus sp. (B5), ikan koi berkurang karena predator seperti burung blekok, burung kuntul, dan burung tengkek buto (C2), ikan koi terkena infeksi bakteri seperti Aeromonas hydrophila (C3), Ikan koi terserang parasit Myxobolus sp. pada saat pemeliharaan (C5), tubuh ikan koi tidak utuh (cacat) bahkan ikan mengalami kematian karena predator seperti ikan gabus, ular, musang, biawak (C7), ikan koi terserang jamur Branchiomyces sp. (C13) dan Ikan koi mengalami luka karena predator seperti ikan gabus, belut, biawak, berang-berang (D3). Strategi manajemen risiko dengan kategori cuaca/iklim dan penyakit dapat dilakukan dengan tindakan preventif seperti manajemen kualitas air dan kuratif seperti pengobatan herbal (alami) ataupun kimia, sedangkan risiko predator dapat dilakukan dengan biosecurity agar terhindar dari efek yang merugikan dari organisme seperti agen penyakit dan hama atau predator yang membahayakan kesehatan ikan.

English Abstract

The koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) cultivation business is one of the fisheries sectors in Kediri Regency that contributes the most to the formation of GRDP at Current Prices in 2021. This sector contributed 23.33% by placed first in the category of other business fields. Ornamental fish cultivation in Kediri Regency is essentially a potential aquaculture sector. The production value of koi ornamental fish in 2022 is recorded as the highest production value among other commodities, reaching IDR 463,518,600. Profits from ornamental fish farming can be substantial, but there is also the possibility of business risks. Seasonal changes, pests, and diseases are some of the risks to the sustainability of koi fish farming. The risks that occur have been identified as having the potential to cause large losses that have an impact on business continuity. Risk management needs to be implemented to reduce potential risks in production activities experienced by koi fish cultivators during the business production process. The purpose of this research is to identify risks, analyze the sequence of risk priority scales and production risk management strategies in koi (Cyprinus carpio) growth businesses in Kediri Regency. The research was carried out from December to April 2023 in 7 sub-districts of Kediri Regency. The selection of research sites was done purposively. This study uses a type of quantitative research. Types and sources of data using primary data and secondary data. Data was collected from 5 experts and 40 respondents through observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), questionnaires, and documentation. The Taro Yamane formula was utilized for determining the number of respondents. Proportionate random sampling was used in the sampling technique. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method was utilized to analyze data in this research. The risk identification process yielded up to 33 risk variables. The 33 risk variables evaluated resulted in 5 risks from pond preparation operations, 6 risks from seed stocking activities, 17 risks from maintenance activities, and 5 risks from harvesting activities. According to the risk priority results, the level of risk that occurs during the koi enlargement production process in Kediri Regency is very high. The three risks with the highest RPN value belong to the Very High-Risk level, namely koi fish attacked by the fungus Branchiomyces sp. (C13). Koi fish were attacked by the parasite Myxobolus sp. (C5) and the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (C3). Other risks with the High Risk level include the embankment in the pond not being strong enough to hold the water load because the soil is soft (A4), the seeds that are spread experience stress due to the transition season (B1), koi fish seeds die from parasites (B5), slow fish growth koi (C1), koi fish decreased due to bird predators (C2), koi fish hit the pond wall because of being attacked by fleas (C6), koi fish bodies were not intact and even died (C7) and koi fish suffered injuries due to predators (D3). Risks with very high and high-risk levels are a priority for strategic risk management actions. The results of the analysis obtained 7 risks which are a priority for risk management strategies to be carried out earlier because they are classified as critical risks. Risk priority includes koi fish seeds dying from Myxobolus sp. parasites. (B5), koi fish are reduced due to predators such as blekok birds, egrets, and the dollarbird (C2), koi fish are affected by bacterial infections such as Aeromonas hydrophila (C3), koi fish are attacked by parasites Myxobolus sp. during rearing (C5), the body of the koi fish was incomplete (deformed) and even the fish died due to predators such as snakehead fish, snakes, civets, monitor lizards (C7), koi fish attacked by the fungus Branchiomyces sp. (C13) and Koi fish were injured by predators such as snakehead fish, eels, monitor lizards, otters (D3). Risk management strategies with weather/climate and disease categories can be carried out with preventive actions such as water quality management and curatives such as herbal (natural) or chemical treatments, while predatory risk can be carried out with biosecurity to avoid the harmful effects of organisms such as disease agents and pests. or predators that endanger the health of fish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523080490
Subjects:	300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.3 Other extractive industries > 338.37 Products > 338.372 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping > 338.372 7 Products of fishing, whaling, hunting, trapping (Fishing)
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Sosial Ekonomi Agrobisnis Perikanan
Depositing User:	Sugeng Moelyono
Date Deposited:	13 Dec 2023 03:49
Last Modified:	13 Dec 2023 03:49
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/205170

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Kartika Intan Abdillah.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (3MB)

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