Larasati, Dian Tri and Sunardi, ST, MT and Dr. Ir. Daduk Setyohadi,, MP (2023) Simulasi Kelayakan Teknis dan Operasional Kapal Penyeberangan: Redesign Kapal sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Indonesia memiliki visi sebagai poros maritim dunia yang ditindaklanjuti melalui program tol laut. Pandemi Covid-19 yang mulai terjadi di Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020 berpengaruh terhadap berbagai aspek. Protokol kesehatan diterapkan guna mencegah penularan virus seperti menjaga jarak atau physical distancing. Ketidaksiapan Indonesia ketika pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan berbagai kerugian salah satunya pada transportasi laut, para stakeholders dilarang melakukan kenaikan tarif. Kapal penumpang di Indonesia belum memiliki standar physical distancing sehingga perlu mengurangi kapasitas penumpang hingga 50%. Hal tersebut merugikan perusahaan transportasi karena biaya operasional kapal penyeberangan lebih besar daripada pendapatan yang diterima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan redesign layout ruang akomodasi penumpang agar sesuai dengan standar kesehatan dan tidak merugihan perusahaan melalui analisa operasional dan kelayakan teknis yaitu perhitungan stabilitas dan seakeeping kapal jika dioperasikan pada rute pelayaran Banda Aceh-Sabang. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif ditujukan untuk menghimpun informasi di lapangan guna menjadi gambaran dalam melakukan simulasi. Stabilitas kapal mengacu pada standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh Marine Authority seperti International Maritime Organisation (IMO) dengan standar IMO Kode A 749 Chapter 2 poin 2.4.5. Perhitungan seakeeping didapatkan dengan bantuan software pada komputer dengan titik pengamatan pada geladak kendaraan, geladak penumpang, dan geladak navigasi dengan beberapa pengaturan dalam pengoperasiannya yaitu sesuai dengan kondisi perairan yang telah ditetapkan oleh World Meteorological Organization. Analisa Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI) didasarkan pada nilai MSI index. Kapal Motor Penumpang BRR 1000 GT adalah tipe Ro-Ro Passenger Ship dengan rute pelayaran Ulee Lheue – Balohan. Analisa kelayakan teknis yang ditinjau dari analisa stabilitas kapal menunjukan nilai yang lebih besar dari standar yang telah ditetapkan oleh IMO sebagai persyaratan wajib dalam menganalisa stabilitas dengan selisih antara kapal eksisting dan kapal redesign pada loadcase 1 sebesar 0.064 meter dan 0.9 derajat. Selisih antara kapal eksisting dan kapal redesign pada loadcas 2 sebesar 0.031 meter dan 0 derajat.. Kelayakan teknis kapal dilihat dari analisa Seakeeping dengan berdasar pada nilai Respon Amplitude Operator (RAO) dan Motion Sickness Indication (MSI). Pada sudut datang gelombang 90° gerakan dominan yaitu Rolling. Pada sudut datang gelombang 180° gerakan yang dominan yaitu Pitching dan Heaving. Nilai MSI pada tinggi gelombang 0,5 meter dengan sudut 90° dan 180° memperlihatkan penumpang pada seluruh geladak merasa nyaman. Pada tinggi gelombang 4 meter memperlihatkan 10% penumpang pada seluruh geladak kendaraan merasa tidak nyaman setelah 8 jam perjalanan.Ditinjau dari analisa teknis kapal KMP BRR redesign layak dioperasikan karena memiliki stabilitas kapal yang baik serta selisih yang kecil dibandingkan kapal eksisting serta tingkat kenyamanan yang tinggi yang ditandai dengan grafik berada di bawah garis severe discomfort boundary for 8 hrs. Kapal redesign layak dioperasikan ditinjau dari analisa operasional karena memiliki standar keselamatan, protokol kesehatan, physical distancing, dan mempertahankan kapasitas penumpang, serta tidak merubah bentuk dan ukuran lambung kapal. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk bahan pertimbangan pembuatan kapal yang menerapkan standar protokol kesehatan untuk mencegah penyebaran virus di kapal penumpang sebagai antisipasi Covid-19 kembali melonjak dan juga sebagai antisipasi pandemi di masa yang akan datang sehingga transportasi laut akan lebih siap ketika terjadi pandemi di masa yang akan datang.
English Abstract
Indonesia has a vision as the world's maritime axis which is followed up through the maritime highway program. The Covid-19 pandemic which began in Indonesia at the beginning of 2020 had an impact on various aspects. Health protocols are implemented to prevent transmission of the virus, such as maintaining distance or social distancing. Indonesia's unpreparedness during the Covid-19 pandemic resulted in various losses, one of which was sea transportation, stakeholders were prohibited from increasing tariffs. Passenger ships in Indonesia do not yet have physical distancing standards so they need to reduce passenger capacity by up to 50%. This is detrimental to transportation companies because the operational costs of ship crossings are greater than the income received. The aim of this research is to redesign the layout of passenger accommodation so that it complies with health standards and does not cause losses to the company through operational analysis and technical feasibility, namely the stability and maritime maintenance of ships if operated on the Banda Aceh-Sabang shipping route. The research carried out is descriptive research aimed at collecting information in the field to provide an overview in carrying out simulations. Ship stability refers to standards set by Maritime Authorities such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) with IMO standard Code A 749 Chapter 2 point 2.4.5. Seakeeping calculations are obtained with the help of software on a computer by observing the vehicle deck, passenger deck and navigation deck with several operational settings, namely in accordance with the water conditions determined by the World Meteorological Organization. Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI) analysis is based on the MSI index value. The BRR 1000 GT Passenger Motor Ship is a Ro-Ro type Passenger Ship with the Ulee Lheue – Balohan shipping route. The technical feasibility analysis in terms of ship stability analysis shows a value that is greater than the standard set by IMO as a mandatory requirement in analyzing stability with the difference between the existing ship and the redesigned ship in loadcase 1 of 0.064 meters and 0.9 degrees. The difference between the existing ship and the redesigned ship at loadcas 2 is 0.031 meters and 0 degrees. The technical feasibility of the ship is seen from Seakeeping analysis based on the Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) and Motion Sickness Indication (MSI) values. At a wave incident angle of 90° the dominant movement is rolling. At a wave incident angle of 180° the dominant movements are Pitching and Heaving. The MSI value at a wave height of 0.5 meters with angles of 90° and 180° shows that passengers on all decks feel comfortable. At 4 meter high waves, 10% of passengers on all vehicle decks felt uncomfortable after 8 hours of travel. Judging from the technical analysis of the KMP BRR redesigned ship, the ship is suitable for operation because it has good stability and a small difference compared to existing ships and a high level of comfort as indicated by the graph which is below the limit of severe discomfort for 8 hours. The redesigned ship deserves to be interpreted from operational analysis because it has safety standards, health protocols, maintains physical distance, and maintains passenger capacity, and does not change the shape and size of the ship's hull. This research can be used as consideration for building ships that implement standard health protocols to prevent the spread of the virus among passengers in anticipation of Covid-19 surging again and also as an anticipation of future pandemics so that sea transportation will be better prepared when a pandemic occurs in the future.
Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0523080371 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Covid-19, operational, protokol kesehatan, seakeeping, stabilitas |
Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.95 Biological resources > 333.956 Fishes |
Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan |
Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
Date Deposited: | 05 Dec 2023 04:10 |
Last Modified: | 05 Dec 2023 04:10 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/204816 |
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