Pangestu, Daris Tino and Akhmad Rizali, S.P., M.Si., Ph.D (2023) Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Laba-Laba (Araneae) pada Pertanaman Kubis: Pengaruh Cara Budidaya dan Komposisi Lanskap. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Salah satu komoditas pertanian yang berpotensi sebagai komoditas ekspor ialah kubis. Kubis (Brassica oleracea L.) mampu memberikan surplus perdagangan berupa nilai ekspor yang lebih tinggi daripada nilai impor. Namun, produksi komoditas kubis di Indonesia seringkali mengalami fluktuasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu bentuk kendala yang secara umum dapat terjadi dalam budidaya kubis ialah adanya kendala serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menekan penggunaan pestisida sebagai usaha pengendalian serangan hama ialah dengan adanya pemanfaatan musuh alami, salah satunya ialah pemanfaatan serangga predator seperti laba-laba. Keanekaragaman laba-laba dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain lanskap, tipe habitat, hingga pertumbuhan tanaman. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengkaji karakteristik lanskap pada lokasi penelitian, mengkaji keanekaragaman, kelimpahan laba-laba pada pertanaman kubis di setiap lokasi penelitian, mengkaji pengaruh cara budidaya berupa aplikasi insektisida dan kondisi habitat berupa umur tanaman dan ketinggian tempat pertanaman kubis terhadap keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dan komposisi laba-laba, serta mengkaji komposisi lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba pada lokasi penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan pada 12 lahan pertanaman kubis yang berlokasi di daerah Kabupaten Malang serta Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 hingga Mei 2023. Pemetaan lahan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Q-GIS 3.22.8 (Quantum Geographic Information System) sebagai alat bantu digitasi lanskap berdasarkan hasil ground survey (kegiatan identifikasi vegetasi atau tutupan lahan pada setiap patch atau tapak pada lanskap lahan) pada lokasi pengamatan. Berdasarkan hasil digitasi setiap areal pengamatan, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis LecoS sehingga didapatkan nilai Number of Patch (NP) dan Class Area (CA). Pengambilan sampel laba-laba dilaksanakan pada pertanaman kubis yang telah mencapai umur 2, 4, 6, dan 8 MST menggunakan metode survei lapang menggunakan perangkap jebak (pitfall trap) dan perangkap nampan kuning (yellow pan trap) yang dipasang selama kurang lebih 24 jam. Perangkap diletakkan secara diagonal pada masing-masing lahan. Pada setiap lahan terdapat lima subplot yang masingmasing diletakkan dua perangkap jebak dan dua perangkap nampan kuning. Spesimen yang didapatkan dalam masing-masing perangkap diambil dan diawetkan dalam botol fial berlabel yang berisi alkohol 70%. Hasil pengambilan sampel didokumentasi dan dilakukan identifikasi sampel menggunakan mikroskop dengan mengacu pada jurnal dan buku pendukung identifikasi seperti buku Biodiversitas Laba-Laba di Sulawesi Utara oleh Koneri (2016). Pengambilan data cara budidaya seperti adanya aplikasi insektisida yang dilakukan melalui adanya kegiatan wawancara narasumber yakni petani dan/atau pemilik lahan. Analisis data yang dilakukan berupa analisis regresi, ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity) dan analisis Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Karakteristik lanskap pada lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh penggunaan lahan berupa lahan pertanian dan habitat alami. Keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan individu laba-laba diketahui terbagi dalam 9 famili dan 58 morfospesies yang didominasi oleh famili Lycosidae dan Linyphiidae. Cara budidaya berupa aplikasi insektisida dan kondisi habitat berupa umur tanaman serta ketinggian tempat tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba serta tidak menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi laba-laba. Komposisi lanskap tidak berkorelasi terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan laba-laba. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa cara budidaya pertanian kubis berupa aplikasi insektisida memiliki korelasi yang lebih kuat terhadap kelimpahan laba-laba.
English Abstract
Cabbage is one of the agricultural commodities that has the potential as an export commodity. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) can provide a trade surplus through a higher export value than the import value. However, cabbage production in Indonesia has often fluctuated in recent years. One form of constraint that can generally occur in cabbage cultivation is the presence of pest attacks. The efforts that can suppress the use of pesticides to control pest attacks are by using natural enemies, one of which is predatory insects such as spiders. Several factors can influence spider diversity, including landscape structure, habitat type, and plant growth. Based on this, the study was conducted to examine the characteristics of the landscape at the study sites, examine the diversity and abundance of spiders in cabbage plantations at each research location, examine the effect of cultivation methods in the form of insecticide applications and habitat conditions in the form of plant age and height of the cabbage planting area on diversity, abundance, and composition of spiders, as well as assessing the composition of the landscape on the diversity and abundance of spiders at the study site. The research was conducted on 12 cabbage plantations located in Malang Regency and Pasuruan Regency, East Java, which was carried out from November 2022 to May 2023. Land mapping was carried out using Q-GIS 3.22.8 (Quantum Geographic Information System) software as a tool. Landscape digitization is based on the results of a ground survey (identifying vegetation or land cover in each patch or site on the landscape) at the observation location. LecoS analysis was conducted to obtain the Number of Patch (NP) and Class Area (CA) values based on the results of digitizing each observation area. Spider sampling was conducted on cabbage plantations that had reached the age of 2, 4, 6, and 8 WAP using a field survey method using pitfall traps and yellow pan traps set for approximately 24 hours. Traps were placed diagonally in each field. Each land has five subplots, each of which is placed with two traps and two yellow traps. Specimens obtained in each trap were taken and preserved in labeled fial bottles containing 70% alcohol. The sampling results were documented, and the samples were identified using a microscope to identify supporting journals and books, such as the book Biodiversity of Spiders in North Sulawesi by Koneri (2016). Data collection on cultivation methods, such as the application of insecticides, is carried out through interviews with informants, namely farmers and land owners. Data analysis was carried out in the form of regression analysis, ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarity), and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) analysis. Landscape characteristics at the study site are dominated by agricultural land use and natural habitats. The species diversity and abundance of individual spiders are known to be divided into 9 families and 58 morphospecies which are dominated by the families Lycosidae and Linyphiidae. Cultivation methods in the form of insecticide application and habitat conditions in the form of plant age and altitude did not correlate with the diversity and abundance of spiders and did not show differences in spider composition. Landscape composition does not correlate with spider diversity and abundance. Based on the study‟s result, it can be concluded that the method of cultivating cabbage farming in the form of insecticide applications has a stronger correlation to the abundance of spiders
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523040248 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 632 Plant injuries, diseases, pests > 632.6 Animal pests |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Sep 2023 06:30 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Sep 2023 06:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203215 |
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