Ramadhana, Aisyah (2023) Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load (CVL) dan Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) Pada Divisi Kapal Perang (Studi Kasus PT PAL Indonesia)”. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
PT PAL Indonesia merupakan perusahaan perkapalan yang bergerak di bidang pembuatan, perbaikan, dan perawatan kapal di bidang manufaktur berkantor pusat di Surabaya. Proses produksi kapal salah satunya terdapat pada Divisi Kapal Perang. Saat ini Divisi Kapal Perang sedang melakukan pengembangan lanjutan dari Kapal Cepat Rudal 60 M, Kapal Perusak Kawal Rudal, dan Kapal Landing Platform Dock 124 M yang akan dipasarkan di dalam dan luar negeri. Alur proses produksi pada Divisi Kapal Perang secara garis besar dimulai pada proses fabrikasi, bending (pembengkokan), assembly¸blasting (penyemprotan), erection (penyambungan), instal main engine, dan Interior. Pada Divisi Kapal Perang terdapat Departemen Electric Outfitting & Interior yang bertugas melakukan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pegendalian yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan fabrikasi small seat dan instalasi peralatan electric, electronic & control system, navigasi & komunikasi testing. Berdasarkan target produksi, alur proses produksi, job description, dan hasil wawancara yang ada pada pekerja didapatkan bahwa dalam proses produksi kapal diketahui banyak pekerja yang mengalami gejala beban kerja fisik dan kelelahan kerja. Gejala-gejala tersebut berupa sakit pada punggung serta pegal pada tangan maupun kaki saat bekerja, sering mengeluhkan pusing dan mengantuk ketika bekerja, dan juga merasa kehilangan motivasi saat bekerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Cardiovascular Load (CVL) dan Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI). Metode CVL digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi beban kerja fisik dengan mengukur denyut nadi kerja dan denyut nadi istirahat. Metode SOFI digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kelelahan pekerja dengan indikator 5 dimensi pengukuran, yaitu kekurangan energi (lack of energy), aktivitas fisik (physical exertion), ketidaknyamanan fisik (physical discomfort), kekurangan motivasi (lack of motivation), dan kantuk (sleepiness). Penelitian ini dimulai dengan pengumpulan data yaitu data jumlah pekerja, data profil pekerja, data denyut nadi kerja, denyut nadi istirahat, dan hasil kuesioner SOFI. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengolahan data yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kelelahan pekerja. Pengolahan data dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu pengolahan beban kerja fisik dengan metode CVL dengan cara menghitung rata-rata denyut nadi, menghitung %CVL, dan melakukan klasifikasi %CVL. Sedangkan, untuk pengolahan kuesioner SOFI dengan cara merekap hasil pengisian kuesioner, perhitugan skor setiap dimensi, perhitungan rata-rata skor kuesioner, dan pengklasifikasian kelelahan. Setelah selesai melakukan pengolahan data dengan kedua metode tersebut, dilakukan pemberian rekomendasi perbaikan sesuai dengan hasil klasifikasi kelelahan kerja data yang didapat. Hasil dari penelitian beban kerja fisik menggunakan metode CVL didapatkan 5 orang pekerja memiliki %CVL >30% dengan klasifikasi “diperlukan perbaikan”. Kemudian hasil kuesioner SOFI menunjukkan rata-rata seluruh pekerja masuk ke dalam klasifikasi tingkat kelelahan menengah. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, usulan rekomendasi perbaikan yang diberikan adalah perbaikan tata cara kerja dengan melakukan rotasi kerja dan pemberian refill air minum serta pemberian background music, perbaikan penjadwalan waktu istirahat (waktu istirahat pendek), dan melakukan peregangan atau pelemasan. Rekomendasi xiv perbaikan ini diharapkan dapat membantu pekerja Divisi Kapal Perang dalam meringankan beban kerja sehingga risiko kelelahan kerja dapat diminimalisir dengan baik.
English Abstract
PT PAL Indonesia is a shipping company engaged in the manufacture, repair, and maintenance of ships in manufacturing headquartered in Surabaya. One of the ship's production processes is in the Warship Division. Currently the Warship Division is carrying out the follow-up development of the 60 M Fast Missile Ship, Missile Escort Destroyer, and 124 M Dock Landing Platform Ship to be marketed at home and abroad. The flow of the production process in the Warship Division generally starts with the fabrication, bending, assembly ̧blasting, erection, main engine installation, and interior processes. In the Warship Division, there is an Electric Outfitting & Interior Department in charge of planning, implementing, and controlling related to small seat fabrication activities and installation of electric, electronic &; control system, navigation &; communication testing equipment. Based on production targets, production process flows, job descriptions, and interview results for workers, it was found that in the ship production process, many workers were known to experience symptoms of physical workload and work fatigue. These symptoms include back pain and soreness in the hands and feet while working, often complaining of dizziness and drowsiness when working, and also feeling demotivated while working. The research methods used were the Cardiovascular Load (CVL) method and the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI). The CVL method is used to identify physical workload by measuring work pulse and resting pulse. The SOFI method is used to identify the level of worker fatigue with indicators of 5 dimensions of measurement, namely lack of energy, physical exertion, physical discomfort, lack of motivation, and sleepiness. This study began with data collection, namely data on the number of workers, worker profile data, work pulse data, resting pulse rate, and SOFI questionnaire results. After that, data processing is carried out aimed at analyzing the level of worker fatigue. Data processing is divided into two parts, namely processing physical workload with the CVL method by calculating the average pulse rate, calculating %CVL, and classifying %CVL. Meanwhile, for SOFI questionnaire processing by recapping the results of filling out the questionnaire, calculating the score of each dimension, calculating the average questionnaire score, and classifying fatigue. After completing data processing with both methods, recommendations for improvement are given in accordance with the results of the data work fatigue classification obtained. The results of the physical workload study using the CVL method found that 5 workers had a %CVL of >30% with a classification of "improvement needed". Then the results of the SOFI questionnaire showed that on average all workers fell into the middle fatigue classification. Based on these results, the proposed improvement recommendations given are improving work procedures by rotating work and providing refill of drinking water as well as providing background music, improving the scheduling of rest periods (short rest periods), and stretching or relaxing. This improvement recommendation is expected to help the Warship Division workers in lightening the workload so that the risk of work fatigue can be minimized properly.
Other obstract
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Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
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Identification Number: | 0523070161 |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cardiovascular Load (CVL), Job Fatigue, Physical Workload, and Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI). |
Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 670 Manufacturing |
Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Industri |
Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
Date Deposited: | 21 Sep 2023 02:07 |
Last Modified: | 21 Sep 2023 02:07 |
URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/203105 |
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