Kadim, Miftahul Khair and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli Herawati, MS and Prof. Dr. Ir. Diana Arfiati,, MS and Dr. Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika,, S.Pi, MP (2023) Larva Cheumathopsyche sp. sebagai Bioindikator Sungai Terkontaminasi Logam Berat (Studi Kasus di Sungai Bone Gorontalo). Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Makrozoobentos sangat potensial dimanfaatkan sebagai alat monitoring polutan di sungai. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menemukan taksa kandidat bioindikator dan mengkaji kegunannya dalam evaluasi pencemaran logam berat timbal (Pb), merkuri (Hg) dan kadmium (Cd). Penelitian terdiri dari 3 tahapan, diawali dengan menganalisis kondisi lingkungan perairan Sungai Bone serta menemukan kandidat bioindikator. Pada penelitian tahap I, talah ditemukan 3439 individu di Sungai Bone dari hulu sampai hilir yang tersusun atas 50 famili. Larva Hydropsychidae genus Cheumatopsyche sp. terpilih sebagai kandidat bioindikator spesifik logam berat. Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Bone Gorontalo mulai April 2021-Agustus 2022. Tahapan selanjutnya diamati parameter lingkungan; konsentrasi logam berat pada air, sedimen dan larva yang dianalisis dengan metode AAS; kelainan morfologi dan identifikasi elemen logam pada larva menggunakana mikroskop SEM-EDX; deteksi MT pada larva Cheumatopsyche sp. menggunakan metode ELISA dan Imunohistokimia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa (1) kondisi perairan Sungai Bone berada pada kategori baik (bagian hulu) dan tercemar sedang (tengah ke hilir). Tercemarnya Sungai Bone ditandai oleh kehadiran Baetidae, Hdropsychidae, Caenidae, Gompidae, Elmidae, Ecnomidae yang merupakan makrozoobentos indikator perairan tercemar, selain itu keanekaragaman taksa Ephemeroptera Plechoptera Trichoptera (EPT) rendah (<50%), skor BMWP-ASPT (5,1-5,5) kategori tercemar sedang serta didukung dengan konsentrasi Pb, Hg, BOD dan COD yang telah melebihi baku mutu. (2) Larva Cheumatopsyche sp. termasuk organisme kategori akumulatif rendah karena mampu mengakumulasi Pb, Cd dan Hg pada air dan sedimen di Sungai Bone. Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop SEM-EDX mengkonfirmasi logam berat terabsorbsi di dalam tubuh larva Cheumatopsyche sp; (3) Kadar dan ekspresi metallothionein terdeteksi pada larva Cheumatopsyche sp., hasil analisis menunjukkan korelasi positif antara kadar dan densitas MT dengan logam berat yang terakumulasi di dalam tubuh larva Cheumatopsyche sp. dan larva tersebut lebih efektif mengakumulasi Hg dibandingkan Pb dan Cd. Adanya keterkaitan antara kelainan morfologi tubuh larva, respon MT dengan logam berat yang terakumulasi di dalam tubuh Cheumatopsyche sp. mengkonfirmasi larva ini sebagai bioindikator pencemaran logam berat dan menjadi kebaharuan dalam penelitian ini. Dengan demikian disarankan (1) adanya pengendalian dari pemerintah dan edukasi ke masyarakat khususnya terhadap aktifitas pertanian, permukiman dan penambangan pasir; (2) diperlukan adanya kajian lanjutan yang mendukung rencana pengelolaan terpadu DAS Bone; (3) direkomendasikan penggunaan larva Cheumatopsyche sp. sebagai bioindikator melalui deteksi MT untuk metode bioindikasi yang relatif murah dan cepat prosedurnya terutama untuk pengendalian logam berat.
English Abstract
Macrozoobenthos can be used as a pollutant monitoring tool in rivers. The research aimed to find candidate taxa of bioindicators and to study their usefulness in evaluating lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) heavy metal pollution. The research consisted of 3 stages, beginning with analyzing the environmental conditions of the waters of the Bone River and finding candidate bioindicators. In the first phase of the study, 3,439 individuals were found in the Bone River from upstream to downstream, consisting of 50 families. Hydropsychidae larvae of the genus Cheumatopsyche sp. were selected as a heavy metal-specific bioindicator candidate. The research was conducted on the Gorontalo Bone River from April 2021-August 2022. The next stage was observed for environmental parameters; heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment and larvae analyzed by the AAS method; morphological abnormalities and identification of metal elements in larvae using a SEM-EDX microscope; detection of MT in larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp. using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry methods. Based on the research results, it is known that (1) the condition of the waters of the Bone River is in a good category (upstream) and moderately polluted (middle to downstream). Polluted Bone River is characterized by the presence of Baetidae, Hydropsychidae, Caenidae, Gompidae, Elmidae, and Ecnomidae, which are macrozoobenthos indicators of polluted waters, besides the diversity of taxa Ephemeroptera Plechoptera Trichoptera (EPT) is low (<50%), the BMWP-ASPT score (5.1-5.5) is in the moderately polluted category and is supported by concentrations of Pb, Hg, BOD and COD which have exceeded quality standards. (2) Larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp. were included in the low accumulative category of organisms because they could accumulate Pb, Cd and Hg in water and sediment in the Bone River. Observations using the SEM-EDX microscope confirmed the absorption of heavy metals in the body of the larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp; (3) The levels and expression of metallothionein were detected in the larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp., the results of the analysis showed a positive correlation between the levels and densities of MT and the heavy metals accumulated in the bodies of the larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp. and these larvae are more effective in accumulating Hg than Pb and Cd. There is a relationship between morphological abnormalities of the larvae body, MT response, and heavy metals that accumulate in the body of Cheumatopsyche sp. confirmed this larva as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollutionand became a novelty in this study. Thus it is suggested (1) to have control from the government and educate the public, especially regarding agricultural activities, settlements and sand mining; (2) further studies are needed to support the integrated management plan for the Bone Watershed; (3) it is recommended to use the larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp. as a bioindicator through MT detection for bioindication methods which are relatively cheap and fast in the procedure, especially for heavy metal control.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0623080002 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | macrozoobenthos, Cheumathopsyche, bioindicator, heavy metal, Bone River,Cheumatopsyche, bioindikator, logam berat, Sungai Bone |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2023 02:23 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Sep 2023 02:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202857 |
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