Anisa, Mahillah Nur and Feni Iranawati,, S.Pi, M.Si, Ph.D and Dian Aliviyanti,, S.Si, M.Si (2023) Struktur Komunitas Plankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan di Gili Iyang, Kabupaten Sumenep, Jawa Timur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Bioindikator merupakan organisme yang reaksinya dapat mengevaluasi kondisi adanya sesuatu dalam suatu ekosistem. Salah satu organisme yang dijadikan sebagai bioindikator kesuburan perairan adalah plankton. Pendekatan aspek biologi seperti struktur komunitas plankton dapat merefleksikan perubahan yang berupa peningkatan ataupun penurunan kualitas air dan dihubungkan dengan parameter perairan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan Gili Iyang yang dikenal sebagai pulau dengan tingkat oksigen yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu perlu diteliti kualitas ekosistem di Gili Iyang berdasarkan struktur komunitas plankton. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tahap persiapan, sampling lapang, analisis laboratorium dan analisis data pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2022. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive random sampling dari daerah yang sedikit hingga padatnya aktivitas penduduk dan metode hasil dan pembahasan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengukuran parameter perairan yang dilakukan antara lain seperti suhu, kecerahan, salinitas, pH, dan DO diukur dengan Water Quality Meter dan secchi disk, sedangkan nitrat dan fosfat diambil sampel air dan diujikan di Laboratorium Jasa Tirta Malang. Struktur komunitas plankton diketahui dengan menghitung nilai kelimpahan, indeks ekologi dan indeks saprobik, untuk mengetahui hubungan kelimpahan dan parameter perairan menggunakan metode Korelasi Pearson. Kondisi lingkungan perairan menunjukkan terdapat empat parameter yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu perairan menurut PP no. 22 tahun 2021. Parameter kecerahan dan salinitas menunjukkan nilai yang kurang dari baku mutu. Konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat menunjukkan nilai yang melebihi baku mutu. Hasil identifikasi plankton didapatkan lima kelas fitoplankton yaitu Mediophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cyanophyceae dan Dinophyceae, sedangkan didapatkan dua kelas zooplankton yaitu kelas Copepoda dan Oligotriceae. perhitungan kelimpahan jenis fitoplankton sebesar 6.433 sel/mL, sedangkan nilai kelimpahan pada jenis zooplankton sebesar 73 ind/mL. Nilai kelimpahan tertinggi pada fitoplankton yaitu pada Chaetoceros sebanyak 2.360 sel/mL sedangkan kelimpahan zooplankton tertinggi dari kelas Copepoda dengan genus Calanus sebanyak 27 ind/mL. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) terkategori keanekaragaman jenis plankton sedang dan kestabilan komunitas sedang. Indeks keseragaman jenis plankton tinggi dan indeks dominansi jenis rendah. Rata-rata nilai saprobik di perairan Gili Iyang yaitu 1,01 yang berarti tercemar sedang oleh sedikit bahan organik dan anorganik dan berada dalam fase mesosaprobik. Hasil analisis korelasi pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antar nilai kelimpahan plankton dengan suhu dan nitrat.
English Abstract
Bioindicators are organisms whose reactions can evaluate the condition of the existence of something in an ecosystem. One of the organisms used as a bioindicator of water fertility is plankton. Approaches to biological aspects such as plankton community structure can reflect changes in the form of an increase or decrease in water quality and are associated with water parameters. The research location was carried out by Gili Iyang which is known as an island with high oxygen levels. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the quality of the ecosystem in Gili Iyang based on the plankton community structure. This research was divided into the preparation stage, field sampling, laboratory analysis and data analysis from June to August 2022. The sampling method was purposive random sampling from small areas to dense population activity and the results and discussion method was descriptive quantitative. Measurements of water parameters were carried out, such as temperature, brightness, salinity, pH, and DO were measured with a Water Quality Meter and secchi disk, while nitrate and phosphate water samples were taken and tested at Jasa Tirta Malang Laboratory. The structure of the plankton community is known by calculating the value of abundance, ecological index and saprobic index, to determine the relationship between abundance and water parameters using the Pearson Correlation method. The condition of the aquatic environment shows that there are four parameters that are not in accordance with the water quality standards according to Government Regulation no. 22 of 2021. The brightness and salinity parameters show values that are below the quality standard. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations show values that exceed quality standards. The plankton identification results obtained five classes of phytoplankton, namely Mediophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae, while two classes of zooplankton were obtained, namely Copepoda and Oligotriceae classes. The calculation of the abundance of the type of phytoplankton is 6.433 cells/mL, while the abundance value of the type of zooplankton is 73 ind/mL. The highest abundance value for phytoplankton was in Chaetoceros as much as 2.360 cells/mL while the highest abundance for zooplankton was from the Copepoda class with the genus Calanus as much as 27 ind/mL. The diversity index (H') is in the category of moderate plankton species diversity and moderate community stability. The plankton species uniformity index is high and the species dominance index is low. The average saprobic value in Gili Iyang waters is 1.01 which means it is moderately polluted by a little organic and inorganic matter and is in the mesosaprobic phase. Pearson correlation analysis results show that there is a significant relationship between the value of plankton abundance with temperature and nitrate.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523080147 |
| Subjects: | 500 Natural sciences and mathematics > 551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology > 551.4 Geomorphology and hydrosphere > 551.46 Oceanography and submarine geology |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Sep 2023 01:33 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Sep 2023 01:33 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202850 |
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