Manuhutu, Jafry Ferdinan and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli Herawati, MS and Dr. Ir. Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya,, M.Sc and Dr.Eng Abu Bakar Sambah,, S.Pi, MT (2023) Analisis Keberadaan Hiu Paus (Rhincodon typus) di Hubungkan Dengan Parameter Oseanografi Dalam Kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih, Papua. Doktor thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) merupakan spesies hiu penyaring makanan (filter feeder) yang terancam punah serta memiliki daerah distribusi hampir di seluruh dunia pada laut beriklim panas maupun hangat, Kehadiran spesies ini terdokumentasi dengan sangat baik dan selalu bertepatan dengan peristiwa produktivitas laut yang tinggi. Secara umum distribusi dan kelimpahan hiu paus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa proses oseanografi seperti kenaikan massa air (upwelling), arus pantai (coastal currents) dan fronts, yang meningkatkan produktivitas lingkungan sekitarnya. Analisis hubungan antara suatu spesies dengan kondisi lingkungan merupakan hal penting dalam suatu ekologi. Spesies laut sering berasosiasi dengan habitat biologi dan fisik tertentu sehingga membangun ketertarikan untuk memahami peranan kondisi lingkungan dalam mengarahkan pola distribusi dan kelimpahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 3 tahapan yang secara keseluruhan saling melengkapi satu dengan lainnya. Tahap Pertama: Menemukan Frekuensi Kehadiran hiu paus antara lain: waktu dan lokasi kehadiran hiu paus berdasarkan musim. Tahap Kedua: menganalisis kondisi parameter oseanografi meliputi: data suhu permukaan laut (SPL), klororfil -a, Tinggi Muka laut (TML), arus dan kedalaman (Bathymetri) yang diunduh dari satelit, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis hubungan antara faktor oseanografi dengan kehadiran hiu paus menggunakan Model Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Tahap Ketiga: mendapatkan Habitat Suistability Indeks (HSI) yang sesuai dengan kehadiran hiu paus di kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih. Hasil penelitian kehadiran hiu paus berdasarkan musim, terlihat rata rata kehadiran pada musim peralihan I (Maret – Mei /barat –Timur) merupakan musim yang tertinggi sebanyak 7 Ind/hari dan terendah pada musim Peralihan II (September-November/Timur barat) sebanyak 4 Ind/hari. Frekuensi kehadiran hiu paus berdasarkan lokasi, terlihat bahwa hiu paus lebih sering hadir pada lokasi Sowa sebesar 68,84% dibandingkan dengan lokasi Kwatisore sebesar 31,16 %. Nilai Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL)berada antara 30,3°C – 31,3°C, klorofil-a berada antara 0,39 - 0,86 mg l-1, kecepatan arus berada antara 0,46 - 0,65 m s-1, Tinggi Muka laut (TML) berada antara 0,63 – 1,00 cm dan kedalaman (bathymetri) berada antara 40-50 meter. Hubungan antara faktor oseanografi dengan kehadiran hiu paus dengan menggunakan Model predictor Generalized Additive model (GAM), menunjukkan bahwa parameter Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL)dan klorofil-a paling besar rmempengaruhi kehadiran hiu paus. dimana memiliki nilai Akaikes Information Criteria (AIC) sebesar 427,24 % dan nilai Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) sebesar 57.30%, diikuti oleh model predictor Bathymetri dan Tinggi Muka laut ( TML) dengan nilai Akaikes Information Criteria (AIC) sebesar 434.07% dan nilai Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) sebesar 51,40% sementara model predictor arus merupakan model terakhir yang mempengaruhi kehadiran hiu paus dengan nilai Akaikes Information Criteria (AIC) sebesar 436,88% dan Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) sebesar 51,40. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Habitat Suistability Indeks (HIS), menemukan sebagian besar kehadiran hiu paus berada pada kisaran Habitat Suistability Indeks (HSI) antara 0,4 sampai 0,9
English Abstract
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species of filter feeder shark, and has a worldwide distribution area in both warm and warm seas. The presence of this species is very well documented and always coincides with events of high marine productivity. In general, the distribution and abundance of whale sharks is influenced by several oceanographic processes such as upwelling, coastal currents and fronts, which increase the productivity of the surrounding environment. Analysis of the relationship between a species and environmental conditions is always important in an ecology. Marine species are often associated with certain biological and physical habitats, thereby building interest in understanding the role of environmental conditions in directing patterns of distribution and abundance. This research was carried out in three stages which as a whole complement each other. Stage First: Finding the Frequency of Whale Shark Presence including the time and location of the whale shark presence based on the season. Stage Two: analyze the condition of oceanographic parameters including: data on sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, sea level (SSHD), currents and depth (Bathymetry) downloaded from satellites, then analyze the relationship between oceanographic factors and the presence of whale sharks using the Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Stage Three: obtaining the Habitat Suistability Index (HSI) which corresponds to the presence of whale sharks in the Cenderawasih Bay National Park area. The results showed the presence of whale sharks was based on seasons, it was seen that the average presence in the transitional season I (March – May / West - East) was the highest season of 7 Ind/day and the lowest was in the Transitional season II (September-November/East-West). as much as 4 Ind/day. The frequency of the presence of whale sharks based on location, it appears that whale sharks are more often present at the Sowa location by 68.84% compared to the Kwatisore location at 31.16%. The value of sea surface temperature (SST) is between 30,3°C – 31.3°C, chlorophyll-a is between 0.39 - 0.86 mg l-1, current velocity is between 0.46 - 0.65 m s-1, sea level height (SSHD) is between 0.63 – 1.00 cm and depth (bathymetry) between 40-50 meters. The relationship between oceanographic factors and the presence of whale sharks used the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) predictor model show that Sea surface Temperature and clorofil-a the Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) value is 57.30%, followed by the Bathymetry and Sea Level (SSHD) predictor model where the Akaikes Information Criteria (AIC) value is 434,07% and the Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) value is 51.40% while the current predictor model is the last model that affects the presence of whale sharks with an Akaikes Information Criteria (AIC) value of 436.88% and Cumulatif Deviance Explained (CDE) of 51.40. Based on the results of the Habitat Suistability Index (HIS) analysis, it was found that most whale sharks were in the Habitat Suistability Index (HSI) range between 0.4 to 0.9.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doktor) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0623080001 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Hiu Paus, Suhu Permukaan Laut, Model Generalized Additive Models (GAM) kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih,Whale shark, Sea surface Height, Generalized Additive Models (GAM), Nasional Park Cenderawsih Bay (TNTC) |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Doktor Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Sep 2023 01:51 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Sep 2023 01:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202806 |
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