Astuti, Indri and Prof. Dr. Ir. Happy Nursyam,, M.S and Prof. Dr. Ir. Maftuch,, M.Si (2023) Pengaruh Vaksin Bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri Terhadap Profil Hematologi dan Histopatologi Ikan Patin siam (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus). Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Ikan patin siam (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi pada budidaya ikan patin adalah serangan penyakit bacterial. Bakteri Edwardsiella ictaluri merupakan penyebab infeksi penyakit Enteric Septecemia of Catfish (ESC) pada jenis-jenis ikan catfish. Penanggulangan penyakit ESC menggunakan antibiotik yang kurang tepat menimbulkan residu dan resistensi antibiotik. Salah satu alternatif upaya pencegahan penyebaran penyakit ESC adalah dengan vaksinasi. Vaksinasi dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh ikan spesifik maupun non spesifik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian vaksin bakteri E. ictaluri terhadap gambaran hematologi; (2) Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian vaksin bakteri E. ictaluri terhadap gambaran histopatologi; dan (3) Menganalisis sistem imun spesifik pada ikan patin siam (P. hypophthalmus). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penguji Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan teknik pengambilan data primer. Variabel yang diamati adalah pengaruh vaksin E. ictaluri terhadap gambaran hematologi dan histopathologi ikan patin siam. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu pada Tahap ke-1, parameter yang diamati meliputi: penyediaan bakteri uji, identifikasi bakteri, uji virulensi bakteri, uji Lethal Dosis 50 (LD50), pembuatan vaksin E. ictaluri dengan metode pemanasan; dan Tahap ke-2, parameter yang diamati: Viabilitas vaksin E. ictaluri, Aplikasi vaksin, Titer antibody, Uji Tantang, Hematologi, Histopathologi, Survival Rate (SR)/Relative Percent Survival (RPS) dan Kualitas Air.Bakteri E. ictaluri diperoleh dari lokasi pembudidaya ikan di Prov. Jambi dan diidentifikasi secara biokimia dan serologi. Ikan patin siam berasal dari hasil pembudidayaan di BPBAT Jambi. Uji patogenesitas E. ictaluri dilakukan pada 20 ekor ikan patin siam/akuarium ukuran 50-70 gr/ekor diinjeksi secara secara intramuscular menggunakan 0,1 mL larutan bakteri E. ictaluri konsentrasi 104 cfu/mL, 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL, 1010 cfu/mL, 1012 cfu dan PBS (control). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 7 hari dengan menghitung jumlah kematian ikan untuk mendapatkan nilai LD50. Dosis LD50 yang diperoleh adalah 0,13 x 108 cfu/mL. Hasil pengujian patogenesitas bakteri mengindikasikan bakteri E. ictaluri bersifat sangat pathogen pada ikan patin siam. Kandidat bakteri selanjutnya digunakan untuk pembuatan vaksin inaktif E. ictaluri. Hasil uji viabilitas bakteri E. ictaluri pada inaktifasi 800 C, 1000 C dan 1200C diperoleh bakteri inaktif dan aman digunakan pada pemanasan 1000C selama 2 jam. Vaksinasi dilakukan pada konsentrasi 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL, 1010 cfu/ml dan control (PBS) dengan waktu pengamatan selama 5 minggu. Pengambilan darah ikan dilakukan sebelum vaksinasi, 2 minggu pasca vaksinasi dan pasca booster vaksin. Peningkatan imun spesifik dilihat dari hasil uji titer antibody dan hasil hematologi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan injeksi vaksin inaktif E. ictaluri dapat meningkatkan respon imun spesifik pada ikan perlakuan dibandingkan ikan kontrol. Hasil uji tantang bakteri pathogen E. ictaluri pada ikan perlakuan menunjukkan hasil jumlah kelangsungan hidup (SR) yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan ikan kontrol. Peningkatan kekebalan imunitas ikan patin siam juga terlihat dari nilai Relative Percent Survival (RPS) yaitu 50-90%. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi pada ikan patin siam pasca uji tantang terjadi degenerasi lemak, nekrosa, Melano Macrofag Center (MMC) pada organ hati, ginjal ataupun limfa. Hasil pemeriksaan kualitas air selama penelitian masih dalam kisaran normal untuk budidaya ikan patin siam baik parameter suhu, DO, pH, NO2 maupun NO3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian vaksin bakteri E. ictaluri memberikan pengaruh terhadap hematologi, gambaran histopatologi dan meningkatkan sistem imun spesifik pada ikan patin siam (P. hypophthalmus).
English Abstract
Striped catfish (Pangasionodon hypopthalmus) is one of freshwater aquaculture that high economic in Indonesia. One of major problem in striped catfish is bacterial disease. The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is the cause of Enteric Septecemia of Catfish (ESC) infection in catfish species. Antibiotic treatment for ESC disease causes antibiotic residues and resistance. One of the alternative efforts to prevent the spread of ESC disease is by vaccination. Vaccination can be done as an effort to improve the immune system of specific and non-specific fish. The aims of this reaserch are (1) to analyze the effect of E. ictaluri vaccine on hematological features; (2) to analyze the effect of E. ictaluri vaccine on histopathology; and (3) analyzing the specific immune system of Striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus). The research was conducted at the Test Laboratory of Jambi Freshwater Aquaculture Development Center (BPBAT Jambi). The research method used is an experimental method with primary data collection techniques. The observed variable was the effect of E. ictaluri vaccine on the hematological and histopathological features of Striped catfish. The study was conducted in 2 stages, 1st Stage: the parameters observed included provision of test bacteria, identification of bacteria, bacterial virulence test, Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) test, preparation of E. ictaluri vaccine by heating method; and 2nd Stage: parameters observed viability of E. ictaluri vaccine, Vaccine application, Antibody titer, Challenge Test, Hematology, Histopathology, Survival Rate (SR)/Relative Percent Survival (RPS) and Water Quality. E. ictaluri bacteria were obtained from fish cultivator locations in Prov. Jambi and identified biochemically and serologically. Striped catfish come from the results of cultivation at BPBAT Jambi. Pathogenicity test of E. ictaluri was carried out on 20 Striped catfish/aquarium size 50-70 g/head injected intramuscularly using 0.1 mL of E. ictaluri bacteria solution with a concentration of 104 cfu/mL, 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL , 1010 cfu/mL, 1012 cfu and PBS (control).Observations for seven days by counting the number of fish deaths to get the LD50 value. The LD50 dose obtained was 0.13 x 108 cfu/mL. The results of the bacterial pathogenicity test indicated that E. ictaluri was very pathogenic in Striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus). Bacterial candidates used to manufacture inactivated E. ictaluri vaccines. The results of the viability test for E. ictaluri bacteria at inactivation of 800C, 1000C and 1200C showed that the bacteria were inactive and safe to use at 1000C for 2 hours. Vaccination was carried out at concentrations of 106 cfu/mL, 108 cfu/mL, 1010 cfu/ml and control (PBS) with an observation time of 5 weeks. Fish blood sampling was carried out before vaccination, 2 weeks after vaccination and after the vaccine booster. Increased specific immunity can be seen from the results of antibody titer tests and hematological results. The test results showed that injection of inactivated E. ictaluri vaccine could increase the specific immune response in treated fish compared to control fish. The results of the challenge test of the pathogenic bacteria E. ictaluri in the treated fish showed a relatively high survival rate (SR) compared to control fish. The increase in the immunity of Striped catfish can also be seen from the Relative Percent Survival (RPS) is about 50-90%. The results of histopathological observations on Striped catfish after the challenge test showed fat degeneration, necrosis, Melano Macrophage Center (MMC) in the liver, kidney or spleen. The results of water quality checks during the study were still within the normal range for Striped catfish cultivation both in terms of temperature, DO, pH, NO2 and NO3 parameters. The conclusion of this study is the E. ictaluri bacterial vaccine has an effect on hematology, histopathological features and increases the specific immune system in Striped catfish (P. hypophthalmus).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0423080007 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Sep 2023 01:18 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Sep 2023 01:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202799 |
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