Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) terhadap Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus secara In Vitro

Khotimah, Iis Khusnul and Prof. Dr. Ir. Arief Prajitno,, MS (2023) Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) terhadap Bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus secara In Vitro. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Lahan perikanan budidaya Indonesia sangat luas dan berpotensi untuk usaha berbagai macam usaha jenis ikan baik tawar, payau, maupun laut. Seiring meningkatnya usaha budidaya ikan berhadapan dengan sejumlah tantangan salah satunya yaitu penyakit. Salah satu penyebab timbulnya penyakit adalah bakteri. V. alginolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen pada perikanan budidaya yang dapat menimbulkan kematian massal. Penanganan penyakit menggunakan antibiotik dapat menimbulkan residu dan menyebabkan resistensi pada bakteri. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibiotik alami yaitu daun jambu air (S. aqueum). Daun jambu air (S. aqueum) memiliki kandungan antibakteri flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, fenol, dan saponin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar daun jambu air (S. aqueum) terhadap bakteri V. alginolyticus. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 – Februari 2023 di Laboratorium Eksplorasi Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan dan di Laboratorium Budidaya Ikan Divisi Parasit dan Penyakit Ikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan suatu variabel perlakuan dengan variabel dampak. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi secara langsung. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap) dengan variabel perlakuan 5 dosis di antaranya A (15 ppm), B (30 ppm), C (45 ppm), D (60 ppm), dan E (75 ppm) dengan masing-masing 3x ulangan, ditambahkan dengan variabel kontrol berupa kontrol positif antibiotik ciprofloxacin dan kontrol negatif akuades. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram untuk melihat pengaruh perlakuan dosis yang digunakan terhadap zona bening yang dihasilkan oleh kertas cakram. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar daun jambu air (S. aqueum) terhadap bakteri V. alginolyticus. Aktivitas antibakteri ditunjukkan oleh terbentuknya zona bening pada media yang ditanam bakteri V. alginolyticus. Rata-rata diameter zona bening tertinggi 9.06 mm didapatkan dari perlakuan E (75 ppm) dan rata-rata diameter zona bening terendah 7.65 mm didapatkan dari perlakuan A (15 ppm). Dosis optimal aktivitas antibakteri terdapat pada perlakuan D (60 ppm). Pada perlakuan D didapatkan hasil terbaik dengan pemberian dosis 60 ppm menghasilkan rata-rata diameter zona bening sebesar 8.95 mm yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan E. Hubungan antara dosis perlakuan dengan rata-rata diameter zona bening menghasilkan grafik persamaan kurva linear y = 0.0251x + 7.244 dan koefisien R2 = 0.8157. Kurva menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi dosis yang diberikan, zona bening yang terbentuk akan semakin besar. Diameter zona bening yang dihasilkan tergolong dalam kategori daya hambat sedang. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar daun jambu air (S. aqueum) bersifat bakteriostatik terhadap bakteri V. alginolyticus yang hanya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan tidak sampai pada membunuh bakteri.

English Abstract

Indonesia has huge profitable aquaculture industries, with various kinds of fishery products from fresh water, brackish and sea water. Along with the increase in aquaculture businesses are faced with several challenges, which is disease. One of the causes fish disease is bacteria. V. alginolyticus is one of the pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture that can cause mass mortality. Treatment of the disease using antibiotics can cause residue and cause resistance in bacteria. An alternative that can be used as a natural antibiotic is watery rose apple leaves (S. aqueum). Watery rose apple leaves (S. aqueum) contain antibacterial flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols and saponins. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of crude extract watery rose apple leaves (S. aqueum) against V. alginolyticus bacteria. The research was conducted in Desember 2022 – February 2023 at the Fisheries and Marine Resources Exploration Laboratory and at the Fish Aquaculture Laboratory, Division of Fish Parasites and Diseases. The method used is an experimental quantitative method that aims to determine the relationship between a treatment variable and an impact variable. Data collection is done through direct observation. The research design used is CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 5 doses of treatment variables including A (15 ppm), B (30 ppm), C (45 ppm), D (60 ppm), and E (75 ppm) with each 3 times repetition, added with control variable in the form of positive control of ciprofloxacin antibiotic and negative control of distilled water. Antibacterial activity testing used the disc diffusion method to see the effect of the dose treatment used on the clear zone produced by disc paper. The results obtained from this study indicated that there was antibacterial activity of crude extract watery rose apple leaves (S. aqueum) against V. alginolyticus bacteria. Antibacterial activity was shown by the formation of clear zones on the media inoculated with V. alginolyticus bacteria. The highest average clear zone diameter of 9.06 mm was obtained from treatment E (75 ppm) and the lowest average clear zone diameter of 7.65 mm was o btained from treatment A (15 ppm). The optimal dose of antibacterial activity is found in treatment D (60 ppm). In treatment D the best results were obtained by administering a dose of 60 ppm resulting in an average clear zone diameter of 8.95 mm which was not significantly different from treatment E. The relationship between the treatment dose and the average diameter of the clear zone produces a graph of the linear curve equation y = 0.0251x + 7.244 and the coefficient R2 = 0.8157. The curve shows that the higher the dose given, the larger the clear zone formed. The diameter of the resulting clear zone belongs to the medium inhibition category. The antibacterial activity of crude extract watery rose apple leaves (S. aqueum) is bacteriostatic against V. alginolyticus bacteria which is only able to inhibit bacterial growth and not kill bacteria.

Item Type:	Thesis (Sarjana)
Identification Number:	0523080123
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates
Divisions:	Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Budidaya Perairan
Depositing User:	soegeng Moelyono
Date Deposited:	04 Sep 2023 02:48
Last Modified:	04 Sep 2023 02:48
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202756

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