Osa, Afella and Prof. Dr. Ir. Diana Arfiati,, MS (2023) Pengaruh Insektisida Berbahan Aktif Metomil Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Degradasi Jaringan Hati Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Penggunaan insektisida di bidang pertanian masih diperlukan untuk menjamin agar produk tanaman tidak terserang hama serta untuk mengurangi kegagalan panen. Sisa pemberian insektisida pada lahan pertanian kemungkinan akan masuk ke sungai karena terbawa (tercuci) bersama air hujan. Residu metomil sebagai insektisida karbamat akan bereaksi dengan air dan menghasilkan asetonitril yang dapat terbawa hingga waduk. Pemanfaatan insektisida secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan tingginya kadar bahan toksik di waduk, sehingga dapat membahayakan organisme yang hidup didalamnya, termasuk ikan nila. Tujuan penelitian ini agar dapat menganalisis pengaruh dari insektisida berbahan aktif metomil terhadap kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan degradasi jaringan hati ikan nila (O. niloticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Setiap perlakuan diberi paparan insektisida berbahan aktif metomil dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu perlakuan A 1.8 mg/L, perlakuan B 4.015 mg/L dan perlakuan C 6.2 mg/L yang dipaparkan pada ikan nila jatimbulan dengan ukuran 9 cm – 12 cm dan berat 26 gr – 30 gr. Ikan Nila dari karamba apung diaklimatisasi oleh UPT Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar (PBAT) Umbulan di kolam selama 14 hari, selanjutnya dibawa ke laboratorium Reproduksi Ikan di Malang setelah itu diaklimatisasi kembali dalam akuarium dalam kepadatan 6 ekor ikan nila tiap akuarium dengan volume 30 Liter selama 7 hari. Eksperimen dilakukan pada akuarium percobaan dengan volume air sebanyak 30 Liter dan di isi 6 ekor ikan. Pemaparan insektisida sesuai konsentrasi dalam perlakuan ini, dilakukan setiap 5 hari sekali dengan pemberian pakan setiap hari pada pagi dan sore. Sampling dilakukan pada hari ke 4 dan hari ke 28 karena dianggap asetonitril sudah terdeteksi di lingkungan pada hari ke 3 setelah paparan. Pemaparan insektisida berbahan aktif metomil terbukti mempengaruhi kadar MDA yang dapat dibuktikan dari meningkatnya kadar MDA pada setiap perlakuan di hari ke 28. Kerusakan jaringan hati ditemukan pada ikan yang terkena paparan di hari ke 4 pada semua perlakuan dan kerusakan jaringan hati semakin parah pada hari ke 28. Kerusakan pada jaringan hati yang ditemui berupa vakuolisasi, proliferasi sel kupffer, kongesti, degenerasi hidrofik dan nekrosis. Ikan pada perlakuan kontrol menunjukkan jaringan hati dalam keadaan normal karena terdapat vena sentral dan arteri hepatika serta tidak ditemukannya kerusakan. Tingkat kerusakan jaringan hati dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis histologi hati berupa gambar dan hasil test skoring histopatologi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu semakin besar kadar MDA pada ikan, maka stres pada ikan akan semakin tinggi dan jaringan hati ikan nila semakin rusak. Saran dalam penggunaan konsentrasi insektisida pada kegiatan pertanian sebaiknya dibawah 4.015 mg/L agar tidak membahayakan lingkungan dan biota perairan terutama ikan nila.
English Abstract
The use of insecticides in agriculture is still needed to ensure that plant products are not attacked by pests and to reduce crop failure. The residue of insecticides on agricultural land is likely to enter the river because it is carried away (washed) with rainwater. Metomil residue as carbamate insecticide will react with water and produce acetonitrile which can be carried up to the reservoir. Continuous use of insecticides can cause high levels of toxic substances in reservoirs, which can harm the organisms that live in them, including tilapia. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the insecticide with the active ingredient methomyl on levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver tissue degradation of tilapia (O. niloticus). The method used in this research is experimental method. Each treatment was exposed to insecticides with the active ingredient methomyl with different concentrations, namely treatment A 1.8 mg/L, treatment B 4.015 mg/L, and treatment C 6.2 mg/L which were exposed to jatimbulan tilapia with a size of 9 cm – 12 cm and a weight of 26 gr – 30 gr. Tilapia from floating cages were acclimatized by UPT Umbulan Freshwater Cultivation Development (PBAT) in ponds for 14 days then brought to the Fish Reproduction Laboratory in Malang after that they were re-aclimatized in aquariums at a density of 6 tilapia fish per aquarium with a volume of 30 liters for 7 days. Experiments were carried out in experimental aquariums with a volume of 30 liters of water and filled with 6 fish. Insecticide exposure according to the concentration for this treatment was carried out every 5 days by giving food every day in the morning and evening. Sampling was carried out on day 4 and day 28 since it was considered that acetonitrile had been detected in the environment on day 3 after exposure. The exposure to insecticides with the active ingredient methomyl was proven to affect MDA levels, which could be proven by the increased levels of MDA in each treatment on day 28. Damage on liver tissue was found in fish exposed to exposure on day 4 in all treatments and liver tissue damage increased severely on day 28. Damage to the liver tissue was found in the form of vacuolization, Kupffer cell proliferation, congestion, hydrophic degeneration, and necrosis. Fish in the control treatment showed normal liver tissue because there was a central vein and hepatic artery and no damage was found. The level of liver tissue damage can be proven by the results of liver histology analysis in the form of images and the results of histopathological scoring tests. The conclusion from the research indicated that the greater the levels of MDA in fish, the more stress on fish would be higher and the liver tissue of tilapia would be more damaged. Suggestions for using insecticide concentrations in agricultural activities should be below 4,015 mg/L so as not to endanger the environment and aquatic biota, especially tilapia.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523080052 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 333 Economics of land and energy > 333.9 Other natural resources > 333.95 Biological resources > 333.956 Fishes |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Aug 2023 03:15 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Aug 2023 03:15 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/202557 |
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