Maghfiroh, Rashieka Putri and Prasetia, Yudha Bhakti and Diah Agustina P.,, ST., MT., Ph.D and Dr. Eng Christina Kartikowati, S.T., M.T. (2023) Sintesis Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 Sebagai Katoda Baterai Ion Natrium Dengan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Kalsinasi. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Peningkatan permintaan baterai dalam elektronik portabel, kendaraan listrik, memunculkan kekhawatiran tentang kelangkaan cadangan litium. Sumber daya Li tidak cukup untuk memenuhi peningkatan permintaan sehingga baterai ion natrium sebagai alternatif mulai dikembangakan. Namun ukuran ion Na+ yang lebih besar juga akan mempengaruhi proses kinetik dan menyebabkan difusi lebih lambat. Dengan demikian, kinerja elektrokimia SIB juga dikendalikan oleh bahan elektroda salah satunya melalui kontrol morfologi dan desain struktural. Material katoda harus bersifat konduktif ionic dan konduktif elektronik. Maka dari itu dilakukan sintesis material katoda Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 pada berbagai variasi suhu dan waktu kalsinasi untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik material katoda. Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 disintesis melalui metode sol-gel dan dilanjutkan dengan proses sintering. Dalam penelitian ini sintesis material katoda Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 dengan variasi suhu dan waktu kalsinasi dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan antara lain pencampuran bahan, penambahan chelating agent pada campuran, pengeringan atau drying, kalsinasi pada 650, 700, 750 °C serta karakterisasi material katoda. Karakterisasi material katoda yang dilakukan yaitu pengujian X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil dari uji XRD menunjukkan bahwa sampel teridentifikasi Na0.58(Ni0.33Mn0.67)O1.95 dengan struktur kristal hexagonal. Pada tiap sampel juga terdapat peak lain yang bukan Na0.58(Ni0.33Mn0.67)O1.95 atau impuritis yaitu Mn0.2Ni7.6O8 pada posisi diffraction angel 37.27° dan 57.29° dan juga Mn3O4 pada diffraction angel 36.28°; 45.03° dan 51.23°. Ukuran kristal rata-rata 15,55 nm untuk sampel dengan suhu kalsinasi 650°C; 18,50 nm untuk sampel dengan suhu kalsinasi 700°C; 21,78 nm untuk sampel dengan suhu kalsinasi 750°C dan 63,98 nm untuk sampel dengan suhu kalsinasi 750°C selama 12 jam. Uji SEM menghasilkan bahwa sampel S650T8 dan S750T8 menunjukkan morfologi plate heksagonal dan ukuran partikel rata-rata masing masing 143,51 nm dan 196,95 nm. Hasil EDX menunjukkan bahwa unsur Na, Ni, Mn dan O tersebar dengan baik di dalam partikel. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu maka fase kristal semakin terbentuk, kristalinitas semakin tinggi, ukuran kristal semakin besar, morfologi sesuai dan ukuran partikel semakin besar.
English Abstract
The increasing demand for batteries in portable electronics, electric vehicles, raises concerns about the scarcity of lithium reserves. Li resources were not sufficient to meet the increasing demand so sodium ion batteries as an alternative began to be developed. However, the larger Na+ ion size will also affect the kinetic process and cause slower diffusion. Thus, the electrochemical performance of SIB is also controlled by the electrode material, one of which is through morphological control and structural design. The cathode material must be ionically conductive and electronically conductive. Therefore, the synthesis of cathode material Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 was carried out at various calcination temperatures to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of the cathode material. Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 was synthesized by sol-gel method and followed by sintering process. In this study, the synthesis of cathode material Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 with variations in calcination temperature was carried out in several stages, including mixing the ingredients, adding a chelating agent to the mixture, drying or drying, calcination at 650, 700, 750 °C and cathode material characterization. The characterization of the cathode material was carried out by testing X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of the XRD test showed that the sample identified was Na0.58(Ni0.33Mn0.67)O1.95 with a hexagonal crystal structure. In each sample there is also another peak that is not Na0.58(Ni0.33Mn0.67)O1.95 or impurity, namely Mn0.2Ni7.6O8 at the position of the diffraction angel 37.27° and 57.29° and also Mn3O4 at the diffraction angel 36.28°; 45.03° and 51.23°. The average crystal size is 15.55 nm for samples with a calcination temperature of 650°C; 18.50 nm for samples with a calcination temperature of 700°C; 21.78 nm for samples with a calcination temperature of 750°C and 63.98 nm for samples with a calcination temperature of 750°C for 12 hours. The SEM test resulted that the S650T8 and S750T8 samples showed hexagonal morphology plates and an average particle size of 143.51 nm and 196.95 nm, respectively. The EDX results show that the elements Na, Ni, Mn and O are well dispersed in the particles. It can be interpreted that the higher the temperature, the more crystalline phase is formed, the higher the crystallinity, the larger the crystal size, the appropriate morphology and the smaller the particle size.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522070504 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | fase kristal, kalsinasi, Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2, partikel, suhu-crystal phase, calcination, Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2, particles, temperature. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 660 Chemical engineering and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Kimia |
| Depositing User: | Endang Susworini |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jun 2023 02:03 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jun 2023 02:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201584 |
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