Potensi Antijamur Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis L. Osbcek) terhadap Patogen Sclerotium sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Batang Pada Tanaman kacang Tanah

Safitri, Janeka and Prof. Dr. Ir. Abdul Latief Abadi, MS. and Dr. Anton Muhibuddin, SP., MP. (2022) Potensi Antijamur Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis L. Osbcek) terhadap Patogen Sclerotium sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Batang Pada Tanaman kacang Tanah. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan ekstrak kulit jeruk manis Citrus sinensis memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, fenol, dan saponin dengan konsentrasi 5,1% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Alternaria sp. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut berpotensi sebagai pengendalian alternatif sebagai antijamur dalam menekan patogen penyebab penyakit. Salah satu patogen yang banyak ditemui adalah Sclerotium sp. Patogen tersebut merupakan patogen tanah yang dapat bertahan hidup di dalam tanah dalam waktu yang lama rolfsii. merupakan patogen tular tanah yang dapat menyebabkan kacang tanah membusuk, layu, mengering, dan mati. Sclerotium sp. dapat menyerang berbagai jenis tanaman seperti famili leguminosa, kentang, tomat, kubis, dan tanaman dari famili Curcibitaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dalam kulit jeruk dengan GC-MS (ii) untuk mengetahui penghambatan kulit jeruk terhadap pertumbuhan Sclerotium sp. (iii) untuk mengetahui mekanisme antijamur ekstrak kulit jeruk Penelitian meliputi isolasi jamur patogen (Sclerotium sp.) dan uji patogenesitas pada tanaman kacang tanah di Green house Kebun Percobaan Jatimulyo. Ekstraksi kulit jeruk dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan uji kandungan senyawa pada ekstrak kulit jeruk manis dilakukan menggunakan GC-MS di laboratorium PT Gelora Djaja, Surabaya. Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode peracunan makanan pada perbedaan konsentrasi 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3%, 3,5%, 4%, 4,5%, dan 5%, serta fungisida sintesis sebagai pembanding yang dilakukan di laboratorium penyakit tumbuhan dan pengamatan mekanisme antijamur ekstrak kulit jeruk manis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan scanning electron microscope (SEM) di laboratorium Biosains Universitas Brawijaya. Hasil peneltiian menunjukkan ekstrak kulit jeruk manis memiliki kandungan senyawa golongan aldehid (Furfuylic alkohol, furfural, 3-methylbutanal-Isopentanal, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl), 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl-), golongan fenol (phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-vinyphenol, Phloroglucinol, 1-(2-propenyl)tricylo), Senyawa aromatik asam benzoat, asam amino (L-lysine, L-Valinol, Butanamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-3-methyl-), senyawa golongan terpenoid (Linalool, 1,3-Cyclohexanedione dan 1-methoxy-1,3 chycloxenadiene), Flavonoid (2H-Pyran Tetrahydro-2-methoxy, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, 2-Butanethiol, dan 2-n-propylthiacyclohexane 2H-Thiopyran), asam organik, dan senyawa lainnya. Kandungan senyawa golongan fenol, terpenoid, dan flavonoid yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kulit jeruk manis mempengaruhi pertumbuhan hifa jamur Sclerotium sp. yang menyebabkan hilangannya kekakuan dinding sel hifa, kekosongan intraseluler hifa akibat kebocoran, pembengkakkan hifa, dan lisis (kematian) hifa. Ekstrak kulit jeruk menyebabkan kematian pada jamur Sclerotium sp. pada perlakuan konsentrasi 4,5% dan 5% dan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk manis bersifat fungisidal dan berpotensi menjadi fungisida nabati dalam menekan pertumbuhan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman kacang tanah.

English Abstract

It has been reported that Citrus sinensis sweet orange peel extract contains flavonoids, phenols, and saponins at a concentration of 5.1% which can inhibit the growth of Alternaria sp. These compounds have the potential as alternative inhibitors and antifungals in suppressing disease-causing pathogens. One of the most common pathogens is Sclerotium sp. The pathogen is a soil pathogen that can survive in the soil for a long time. is a soil-borne pathogen that can cause peanuts to rot, lay, dry, and die. Sclerotium sp. can attack various types of plants such as the leguminous family, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, and plants from the Cucurbitaceae family. The aims of study are: (i) determine the content of compounds in orange peel by GC-MS (ii) determine the inhibition of orange peel on the growth of Sclerotium sp. (iii) determine the mechanism of sweet orange peel extract. The research included the isolation of the pathogenic fungus (Sclerotium sp.) and the pathogenicity test on peanuts at the Jatimulyo Experimental Garden. Orange peel extraction was carried out by maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent and the test for the content of compounds in sweet orange peel extract was carried out using GC-MS at the laboratory of PT Gelora Djaja, Surabaya. Antifungal activity test was carried out using the food poisoning method at different concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, and 5%, as well as a synthetic fungicide as a comparison which was carried out in the plant disease laboratory and observation of the antifungal mechanism of sweet orange peel extract was carried out using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the Biosciences laboratory, Brawijaya University.. The results show that the sweet orange peel extract contains aldehyde group compounds (Furfuylic alcohol, furfural, 3-methylbutanal-Isopentanal, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl), 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-methyl-), phenol groups ( phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, Phloroglucinol, 1-(2-propenyl) tricyclo), Benzoic acid aromatic compounds, amino acids (L-lysine, L-Valinol, Butanamide, N-(aminocarbonyl)-3-methyl- ), terpenoid group compounds (Linalool, 1,3-Cyclohexanedione and 1-methoxy-1,3 cyclohexadiene), Flavonoids (2H-Pyran Tetrahydro-2-methoxy, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, 2-Butanethiol, and 2-n-propylthiacyclohexane 2H-Thiopyran), organic acids, and other compounds. The content of phenol, terpenoid, and flavonoid compounds contained in sweet orange peel extract affects the growth of the hyphae fungus Sclerotium sp. leading to loss of hyphal cell wall rigidity, hyphal intracellular spheres due to leakage, hyphal swelling, and hyphal lysis (death). Sweet orange peel extract is fungicidal which causes the death of Sclerotium sp. at poison concentrations of 4.5% and 5% and showed that sweet orange peel extract has the potential to become a vegetable fungicide in suppressing the growth of stem rot disease in peanut plants.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0423040008
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies
Divisions:	Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian
Depositing User:	PKN 01 UB
Date Deposited:	07 Jun 2023 06:17
Last Modified:	07 Jun 2023 06:17
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/201081

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