Kristinia, - and Prof. Dr. Ir. Eddy Suprayitno,, M.S (2022) Pengaruh Penambahan Kitosan terhadap Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Serbuk Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata) Dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Potensi perikanan sebagai bahan pangan yang bergizi tinggi dan memiliki manfaat yang besar bagi kesehatan telah diketahui. Ikan gabus (Channa striata) merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar yang memiliki kandungan albumin yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia, penyembuhan luka. Albumin adalah keluarga protein globular, sering diterapkan secara klinis untuk meningkatkan status gizi pasien dan untuk mempercepat penutupan luka bedah. Albumin mengatur tekanan osmotik dalam darah, mempertahankan keberadaan air dalam plasma darah untuk menjaga volume darah dalam tubuh. Kitosan merupakan suatu polimer yang bersifat polikationik. Keberadaan gugus hidroksil dan amino sepanjang rantai polimer mengakibatkan kitosan sangat efektif mengikat kation ion logam berat maupun kation dari zat-zat organik (protein dan lemak). Rumusan masalah : Bagaimana pengaruh penambahan kitosan dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah?. Berapa konsentrasi optimal penambahan kitosan terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah?. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan kitosan dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah. Mengetahui konsentrasi optimal penambahan kitosan terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah. Hipotesis : Diduga ada pengaruh penambahan kitosan terhadap crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah. Diduga konsentrasi kitosan perlakuan 2% ada pengaruh terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang berasal dari Tambak Pati, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimen. Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian utama adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Kemudian untuk data hasil penelitian dianalisa dengan menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap respon parameter yang dilakukan, dengan uji F pada taraf 5% dan jika didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata maka dilakukan uji Tukey pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 2 % parameter kadar albumin 4,23%, kadar air 2,08% dan rendemen 9,28%. Sehingga yang digunakan untuk penelitian utama adalah perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan penambahan kitosan berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia crude serbuk albumin yang meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar protein, kadar abu, daya serap air, kadar albumin, dan kadar lemak. Penentuan perlakuan terbaik dengan menggunakan metode indeks efektifitas De Garmo. Didapatkan perlakuan terbaik yaitu penambahan kitosan 2% dengan nilai rendemen 5,26%, kadar air 6,95%, kadar protein 30,71%, kadar abu 3,65%, daya serap air 3,11%, kadar albumin 7,29%, dan kadar lemak 4,65%. Setelah didapatkan perlakuan terbaik dilanjutkan uji kecerahan, profil asam amino, profil asam lemak dan kondisi ekologis perairan. Nilai kecerahan yang didapatkan 18,11. Kandungan profil asam amino tertinggi yaitu fenilalanin 5608.57 mg/kg. sedangkan asam amino crude albumin sebagai pembanding didapatkan paling tinggi glisin 3117.38 mg/kg. Kandungan profil asam lemak tertinggi yaitu asam lemal oleat, c-asam lemak oleat 0.2835%. Sedangkan pada crude albumin sebagai pembanding medapatkan tertinggi asam lemak palmitat 0.1052%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa crude serbuk albumin dengan penambahan kitosan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus yang meliputi parameter sifat fisika rendemen dan daya serap uap air serta sifat kimia yaitu kadar air, kadar protein, kadar abu, kadar lemak, dan kadar albumin. Crude serbuk albumin ikan gabus terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan penambahan kitosan 2% yaitu dengan nilai rendemen 5,26%, kadar air 6,95%, kadar protein 30,71%, kadar abu 3,65%, daya serap air 3,11%, kadar albumin 7,29%, dan kadar lemak 4,65%. Uji kecerahan didapatkan Nilai L sebesar 18,11%. Profil asam amino tertinggi serbuk albumin yaitu fenilalanin, sedangkan asam amino crude albumin didapatkan paling tinggi glisin. Profil asam lemak tertinggi serbuk albumin yaitu asam lemak oleat dan asam lemak omega 9 (asam lemak oleat). Sedangkan pada crude albumin tertinggi yaitu asam lemak palmitat. Saran yang dapat saya berikan terhadap penelitian berikutnya, pembuatan serbuk albumin ikan gabus yaitu dengan mencari bahan pengisi lain selain kitosan. Diharapkan dengan penambahan kitosan yang harganya terjangkau dapat menekan biaya produksi dan menghasilkan serbuk albumin ikan gabus dengan mutu yang lebih baik.
English Abstract
The potential of fisheries as a food ingredient that is highly nutritious and has great health benefits has been known. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is one of the freshwater fish that contains albumin which is beneficial for human health, wound healing. Albumin is a family of globular proteins, often applied clinically to improve the nutritional status of patients and to accelerate surgical wound closure. Albumin regulates the osmotic pressure in the blood, maintains the presence of water in the blood plasma to maintain the volume of blood in the body. Chitosan is a polymer that is polycationic. The presence of hydroxyl and amino groups along the polymer chain makes chitosan very effective at binding heavy metal ions and cations from organic substances (proteins and fats). Problem formulation: How is the effect of adding chitosan with different concentrations on the physico-chemical properties of crude snakehead fish albumin powder from Tambak Pati, Central Java?. What is the optimal concentration of chitosan addition on the physico-chemical properties of snakehead fish albumin crude from Tambak Pati, Central Java?. Objective: To determine the effect of adding chitosan with different concentrations on the physico-chemical properties of crude snakehead fish albumin powder from Tambak Pati, Central Java. To determine the optimal concentration of chitosan addition on the physico-chemical properties of cork fish albumin crude powder originating from Tambak Pati, Central Java. Hypothesis: It is suspected that there is an effect of adding chitosan to the crude snakehead fish albumin powder from Tambak Pati, Central Java. It is suspected that the concentration of 2% chitosan treatment had an effect on the physico-chemical properties of the crude snakehead fish albumin powder from Tambak Pati, Central Java. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The experimental design in the main study was a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments and 6 replications. Then the research data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to determine the effect of treatment on the response parameters carried out, with the F test at the 5% level and if the results were significantly different, the Tukey test was carried out at the 5% level. The results of the preliminary study showed that at a concentration of 2%, albumin content was 4.23%, water content was 2.08% and yield was 9.28%. So that used for the main research is the treatment with a concentration of 2%. The results showed that the addition of chitosan had an effect on the physico-chemical properties of crude albumin powder which included yield, water content, protein content, ash content, water absorption, albumin content, and fat content. Determination of the best treatment using the De Garmo effectiveness index method. The best treatment was the addition of 2% chitosan with a yield value of 5.26%, water content 6.95%, protein content 30.71%, ash content 3.65%, water absorption capacity 3.11%, albumin content 7.29 %, and 4.65% fat content. After obtaining the best treatment, the brightness, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile and ecological conditions of the waters were tested. The brightness value obtained is 18.11. The highest amino acid profile content is phenylalanine 5608.57 mg/kg. while the amino acid crude albumin as a comparison obtained the highest glycine 3117.38 mg/kg. The highest fatty acid profile content is oleic fatty acid, c-oleic fatty acid 0.2835%. Meanwhile, crude albumin as a comparison got the highest palmitic fatty acid 0.1052%. The results showed that crude albumin powder with the addition of chitosan had an effect on the quality of snakehead fish albumin crude which included parameters of the physical properties of yield and water vapor absorption as well as chemical properties, namely water content, protein content, ash content, fat content, and albumin content. The best cork fish albumin powder was obtained in the treatment of adding 2% chitosan with a yield value of 5.26%, water content 6.95%, protein content 30.71%, ash content 3.65%, water absorption capacity 3.11%, 7.29% albumin content, and 4.65% fat content. Brightness test obtained an L value of 18.11%. The highest amino acid profile of albumin powder is phenylalanine, while crude albumin's amino acid is glycine. The highest fatty acid profile of albumin powder is oleic fatty acid and omega 9 fatty acid (oleic fatty acid). Meanwhile, the highest crude albumin is palmitic fatty acid. Suggestions that I can give to the next research, making snakehead fish albumin powder is to look for other coating materials besides chitosan. It is hoped that the addition of affordable chitosan can reduce production costs and produce better quality snakehead fish albumin powder.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522080412 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.2 Commercial fishing, whaling, sealing |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan > Teknologi Hasil Perikanan |
| Depositing User: | Sugeng Moelyono |
| Date Deposited: | 29 May 2023 06:27 |
| Last Modified: | 29 May 2023 06:27 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200559 |
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