Retensi Air Tanah dan Kerapatan Akar pada Perbedaan Naungan Kopi (Coffea canephora) di Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang

Khoirunnisak, Afifatul and Prof. Dr. Ir. Sugeng Prijono and Dr. Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono (2023) Retensi Air Tanah dan Kerapatan Akar pada Perbedaan Naungan Kopi (Coffea canephora) di Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Kecamatan Dampit merupakan salah satu wilayah penghasil kopi yang terletak di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Kopi menjadi komoditas utama selain padi yang mampu meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Disisi lain, produksi kopi di Kecamatan Dampit masih rendah yaitu sekitar 0,4-0,7 ton ha-1. Rendahnya produksi kopi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu perubahan iklim. Perubahan iklim berdampak terhadap ketersediaan air dimana kopi mayoritas dibudidayakan pada lahan kering yang hanya mengandalkan hujan sebagai masukan air. Penerapan agroforestri kopi merupakan salah satu alternatif upaya konservasi tanah dan air karena memiliki banyak manfaat seperti dalam meningkatkan retensi air tanah. Retensi air tanah merupakan kemampuan tanah dalam menahan air dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Penerapan agroforestri yang kurang sesuai berpotensi terhadap terjadinya kompetisi air dan unsur hara antara tanaman kopi dengan tanaman penaung. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan: a) menganalisis pengaruh jenis tanaman penaung pada sistem agroforestri kopi terhadap kapasitas retensi air tanah; b) menganalisis pengaruh jenis tanaman penaung pada sistem agroforestri kopi terhadap kerapatan akar kopi; dan c) menganalisis pengaruh kerapatan akar kopi terhadap kapasitas retensi air tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat di Desa Srimulyo, Kecamatan Dampit, Kabupaten Malang pada Bulan Oktober 2021 – September 2022. Analisis tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika, Kimia, dan Biologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat sistem agroforestri berbeda yaitu kopi tanpa naungan (KO), kopi-pisang (KP), kopi-gamal (KG), dan kopi-lamtoro (KL), menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada tiga kedalaman yaitu 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, dan 40-60 cm, serta pada dua jarak yaitu dekat batang kopi dan diantara kopinaungan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu karakteristik fisik tanah, kapasitas retensi air tanah yang meliputi distribusi pori tanah dan kadar lengas tanah, kerapatan akar, dan produksi tanaman kopi. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dilakukan analisis ragam (anova) dan uji lanjut BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan agroforestri dapat meningkatkan kapasitas retensi air tanah dimana perlakuan kopi-pisang (KP) memiliki rerata kapasitas air tersedia lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kopi tanpa naungan (KO). Penerapan jenis naungan kopi berdampak terhadap nilai kerapatan panjang akar dan berat kering akar, dimana pada kedalaman 0-20 cm perlakuan kopi-gamal (KG) dan kopi-lamtoro (KL) memiliki nilai kerapatan akar lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kopi tanpa naungan (KO) meskipun tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa tidak terjadi kompetisi antara akar kopi dengan gamal dan lamtoro. Sistem Agroforestri kopi-pisang (KP) memiliki nilai kerapatan panjang akar yang lebih rendah dibandingkan KO, yang mengindikasikan terjadinya kompetisi akar kopi dan pisang. Kerapatan panjang akar berkorelasi positif dengan pori makro tanah (r=0,154) dan berkorelasi negatif dengan pori mikro tanah (r=-0,692**), yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kerapatan akar mampu meningkatkan retensi air tanah.

English Abstract

Dampit Sub-District is one of the coffee-producing areas located in Malang Regency, East Java. Coffee is the main commodity besides rice which is able to increase family income. On the other hand, coffee production in Dampit Sub- District is still low, around 0.4-0.7 tons ha-1. The decline in coffee production is influenced by several factors, one of which is climate change. In general, farmers practice coffee cultivation on dry land which only relies on rain as water input, so it is quite vulnerable to climate change. The application of coffee agroforestry is an alternative for soil and water conservation because it has many benefits, such as improving the physical quality of the soil. However, agroforestry can result in competition for nutrients and water if the application is not appropriate. Therefore, this research was carried out with the objectives of: a) analyzing the effect of shade tree species on coffee agroforestry systems on soil water retention capacity; b) analyze the effect of shade plant types on coffee agroforestry systems on coffee root density; and c) analyze the effect of coffee root density on soil water holding capacity. The research was carried out at the Smallholder Coffee Plantation in Srimulyo Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency in October 2021 – September 2022. Soil analysis was carried out at the Physics, Chemistry and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The research was conducted in four different systems, namely unshaded coffee (KO), coffee-banana (KP), coffee-Gliricidia sp. (KG), and coffee-L. leucochepala (KL), with randomized block design. Soil sampling was carried out at three depths, namely 0-20 cm, 20- 40 cm, and 40-60 cm, as well as at two close distances, namely coffee stems and between coffee-shades. The variables observed were soil physical properties, soil water retention capacity which included soil pore distribution and soil moisture content, root density, and coffee plant production. The data collected was then subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test at level 5%. The results showed that the application of agroforestry increased the capacity of soil water retention, where the coffee-banana (KP) treatment increased the meso pore compared to the coffee-open treatment (KO). The type of coffee shade has an impact on root length density and root dry weight, where the coffee- Gliricidae sp. (KG) and coffee-L. leucocephala (KL) had higher root density values than the coffee-open (KO), although not significantly different. These results indicated that there was no competition between coffee roots and gamal and lamtoro. However, the coffee-banana (KP) combination had a lower root length density than KO, indicating competition between coffee and banana roots. Root length density was positively correlated with soil macropores (r=0,154) and negatively correlated with soil micropores (r=-0,692**), indicating that an increase in root density could increase soil water retention.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0423040001
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment materials > 631.4 Soil science
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Pengelolaan Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	29 May 2023 03:03
Last Modified:	29 May 2023 03:03
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200526

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Afifatul Khoirunnisak.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (5MB)

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