Eksplorasi Fitoplankton, Kualitas Air Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Pada Tambak Semi-Bioflok

Rahmi, Irsyah and Prof. Dr. Ir. Diana Arfiati,, MS. and Prof. Dr. Ir. Muhammad Musa,, MS. (2023) Eksplorasi Fitoplankton, Kualitas Air Dan Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Pada Tambak Semi-Bioflok. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Budidaya udang intensif dicirikan dengan padat tebar tinggi dan penggunaan pakan buatan. Penerapan budidaya udang dengan padat tebar yang tinggi akan memicu peningkatan jumlah pemberian pakan. Namun pakan yang diberikan tersebut tidak semuanya dimanfaatkan oleh udang, sehingga dapat menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas perairan tambak seperti meningkatnya bahan organik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penerapan sistem budidaya udang yang dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu budidaya sistem semi-bioflok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan komposisi fitoplankton, kualitas air serta pertumbuhan udang selama masa pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Tambak Udang Intensif Laboratorium Perikanan Air Payau dan Laut Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya dan di Tambak Udang Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kota Probolinggo, yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Mayangan, Kota Probolinggo, Jawa Timur pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2022. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey dengan analisis data secara deskriptif dan analisis Cannonical Component Analysis (CCA), korelasi serta Principal Correlation Analysis (PCA). Penentuan stasiun pengamatan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama satu siklus budidaya udang pada 3 petak tambak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan udang, plankton di perairan, plankton di lambung udang serta parameter fisika kimia air meliputi suhu, kecerahan, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), pH, salinitas, CO2 bebas, TOM (Total Organic Matter), amonia, nitrit, nitrat, dan fosfat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa kelimpahan fitoplankton pada tambak 1 sebesar 3.457 sel/L pada minggu ke-7, tambak 2 sebesar 3.422 sel/L pada minggu ke-5 dan tambak 3 sebesar 3.234 sel/L. Kelimpahan fitoplankton pada ketiga tambak meningkat seiring masa pemeliharaan diduga karena laju fotosisntesis dan penyerapan nutrisi optimal serta berdasarkan kelimpahan fitoplankton tersebut tambak dengan sistem semi-bioflok, kesuburan fitoplankton dikategorikan sedang. Sedangkan komposisi fitoplankton dari ketiga tambak terdiri dari 5 filum yaitu Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta dan Dinoflagellata. Rata-rata filum fitoplankton yang banyak ditemukan dari ketiga tambak tersebut adalah Chlorophyta karena nutrisi yang cukup. Sementara kondisi kualitas air di ketiga tambak berada pada kisaran optimal kecuali kecerahan, karena kecerahan mengalami fluktuasi. Pertumbuhan udang vanname pada ketiga tambak dengan sistem semi-bioflok selama masa pemeliharaan yang dianalisis adalah pola pertumbuhan. Pola pertumbuhan udang vaname dari ketiga tambak adalah allometrik negatif dimana nilai b < 3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi pada tambak 1 sebesar 3.457 sel/L pada minggu ke-7 dan kesuburan sedang serta filum yang banyak ditemukan adalah Chlrophyta. Kualitas air kategori optimal kecuali kecerahan dan pola pertumbuhan udang allometrik negatif. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka sistem budidaya udang semi-bioflok dapat diterapkan untuk budidaya udang vaname.

English Abstract

Intensive shrimp farming is characterized by high stocking densities and the use of artificial feed. The application of shrimp culture with high stocking density will trigger an increase in the amount of feeding. However, not all of the feed given is used by the shrimp, so it can cause a decrease in the quality of pond waters such as an increase in organic matter. Therefore it is necessary to apply a shrimp culture system that can overcome this problem, namely the semi-biofloc system cultivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the abundance and composition of phytoplankton, water quality and shrimp growth during the rearing period. This research was carried out at the Intensive Shrimp Ponds Laboratory of Brackish Water and Marine Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University and at the Shrimp Ponds of the Marine and Fishery Service Office of Probolinggo City, located in Mayangan District, Probolinggo City, East Java from January to June 2022. The method used is survey method with descriptive data analysis and Cannonical Component Analysis (CCA), correlation and Principal Correlation Analysis (PCA). Observation stations were determined using a purposive sampling method and sampling was carried out during one cycle of shrimp farming in 3 pond plots. Parameters observed included shrimp growth, plankton in the waters, plankton in the shrimp stomach as well as water physicochemical parameters including temperature, brightness, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), pH, salinity, free CO2, TOM (Total Organic Matter), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphates. Based on the results of the study, the abundance of phytoplankton in pond 1 was 3,457 cells/L in the 7th week, pond 2 was 3,422 cells/L in the 5th week and pond 3 was 3,234 cells/L. The abundance of phytoplankton in the three ponds increased with the rearing period, presumably due to the optimal rate of photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and based on the abundance of the phytoplankton in ponds with a semi-biofloc system, the fertility of the phytoplankton was categorized as moderate. Meanwhile, the composition of the phytoplankton from the three ponds consisted of 5 phyla, namely Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Charophyta and Dinoflagellata. On average, the most common phytoplankton phylum found in the three ponds is Chlorophyta due to sufficient nutrition. While the water quality conditions in the three ponds are in the optimal range except for brightness, because brightness fluctuates. The growth pattern of vannamei shrimp in the three ponds with the semi-biofloc system during the rearing period analyzed is the growth pattern. The vannamei shrimp growth pattern from the three ponds is negative allometric where the value of b < 3. The conclusion of this study is that the highest abundance of phytoplankton in pond 1 was 3,457 cells/L in the 7th week and the fertility was moderate and the phylum that was found the most was Chlorophyta. The water quality is in the optimal category except for the brightness and negative allometric shrimp growth patterns. Based on the research that has been done, the semi-biofloc shrimp farming system can be applied to vannamei shrimp cultivation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0423080002
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan
Depositing User:	soegeng sugeng
Date Deposited:	29 May 2023 02:53
Last Modified:	29 May 2023 02:53
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/200523

Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO) Irsyah Rahmi.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (6MB)

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