Victoria, - and Dr. Widya Dwi Rukmi Putri, STP, MP, and Vivien Fathuroya, ST, MT (2023) Karakterisasi Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Varietas Dura dan Analisis Potensinya Sebagai Biosorben. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian terbesar di Indonesia, di mana sebagian besar kelapa sawit diolah menjadi minyak sawit. Sebagai negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia, Indonesia banyak menghasilkan limbah, baik berupa limbah cair ataupun limbah padat seperti tandan kosong, sabut dan cangkang. Cangkang kelapa sawit (CKS) merupakan bagian dari buah kelapa sawit yang tidak dapat diolah menjadi minyak sawit karena teksturnya yang sangat keras sehingga hanya dibuang begitu saja. Limbah yang terus menerus menumpuk akan berakibat buruk terhadap lingkungan. Apabila diolah dan dimanfaatkan dengan baik, CKS dapat memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Salah satu pemanfaatan CKS adalah sebagai bahan baku pembuatan adsorben. Adsorben merupakan bahan yang penting bagi industri dalam upaya pencegahan pencemaran lingkungan. Namun, karbon aktif komersial, yaitu adsorben yang umum digunakan industri, proses pembuatannya menggunakan energi yang besar akibat adanya proses karbonisasi, sehingga, dengan memanfaatkan CKS menjadi biosorben tanpa karbonisasi, industri mampu mendapatkan adsorben dengan proses pembuatan yang lebih sederhana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola Tersarang (Nested) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama merupakan faktor mayor, yaitu proses aktivasi (tanpa aktivasi dan dengan aktivasi NaOH). Sedangkan faktor kedua merupakan faktor minor berupa ukuran mesh (60 mesh, 80 mesh dan 100 mesh). Kombinasi perlakuan akan diuji berupa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, densitas dan daya serap biru metilena kemudian dilakukan pengujian ANOVA dengan selang kepercayaan 95%, uji lanjut BNJ 5% dan pengambilan keputusan perlakuan terbaik dengan melihat perlakuan yang memiliki daya serap terhadap biru metilena yang tertinggi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa proses aktivasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter uji, yaitu kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, densitas dan daya serap biru metilena. Sedangkan, ukuran mesh berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, densitas dan daya serap biru metilena. Perlakuan terbaik adsorben tanpa aktivasi maupun dengan aktivasi NaOH yaitu adsorben dengan ukuran 100 mesh, di mana pemilihan perlakuan terbaik adalah dengan melihat adsorben yang memiliki daya serap biru metilena paling tinggi di masing-masing faktor mayor. Adsorben CKS tanpa aktivasi ukuran 100 mesh memiliki kadar air 3,61%, kadar abu 1,54%, kadar serat kasar 81,14%, densitas 0,67 g/ml dan daya serap terhadap biru metilena 174,99 mg/g. Adsorben CKS aktivasi NaOH ukuran 100 mesh memiliki kadar air 3,61%, kadar abu 1,32%, kadar serat kasar 72,83%, densitas 0,61 g/ml dan daya serap terhadap biru metilena 187,66 mg/g.
English Abstract
Oil palm is one of the biggest agricultural products in Indonesia, which most oil palms are processed into palm oil. As the largest palm oil-producing country in the world, Indonesia has a lot of agricultural waste from oil palm, both in the form of liquid and solid waste, such as, empty fruit bunches, fibers, and palm kernel shells. Palm kernel shell (PKS) is a part of oil palm fruit that cannot be transformed into palm oil due to its super hard texture. As a result, PKS will be thrown away. The continuously accumulated waste will bring bad impact to the environment. If PKS is processed and utilized properly, it can have a high economic value. One of the usefulness of PKS is utilized as a raw material to produce adsorbent. The adsorbent is one of the important things for the industry to prevent environmental pollution. However, commercially activated carbon, that is usually used as an adsorbent in the industry, requires high energy due to carbonization process. Therefore, utilizing PKS as an biosorbent without carbonization, the industry can obtain an adsorbent with simpler manufacturing process. This study uses a Nested design which consists of two factors. The major factor is the activation process (without activation and with NaOH activation). The minor factor is mesh size (60 mesh, 80 mesh, and 100 mesh). Parameters tested for these treatment combinations are moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, density, and methylene blue adsorption. Each parameter is analyzed by ANOVA 95%, Tukey’s post hoc test 5%, and the decision-making to determine the best result is based on the treatment combination that has the highest methylene blue adsorption. The results show that the activation process has a significant effect on all of the test parameters, which are moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, density, and methylene blue adsorption. Meanwhile, the mesh size has a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, density, and methylene blue adsorption. The best treatment combination is determined by examining at which adsorbent has the highest methylene blue adsorption in each major factor. Both of the best treatments of PKS adsorbents without activation and with NaOH activation are adsorbents with a mesh size of 100 mesh. PKS adsorbent without activation 100 mesh size has 3,61% moisture content, 1,54% ash content, 81,14% crude fiber content, 0,67 g/ml density, and 174,99 mg/g methylene blue adsorption. PKS adsorbent with NaOH activation 100 mesh size has 3,61% moisture content, 1,32% ash content, 72,83% crude fiber content, 0,61 g/ml density, and 187,66 mg/g methylene blue adsorption.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0523100062 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aktivasi NaOH, biosorben, cangkang kelapa sawit varietas dura,Biosorbent, dura palm kernel shell, NaOH activation. |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian > Keteknikan Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 22 May 2023 03:24 |
| Last Modified: | 22 May 2023 03:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/199985 |
![[thumbnail of DALAM MASA EMBARGO]](http://repository.ub.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (DALAM MASA EMBARGO)
Victoria.pdf Restricted to Registered users only until 31 December 2025. Download (1MB) |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |