Putri,, Kristiani Virgi Kusuma and Dr. Faizin Sulistio,, S.H., LL.M. and Dr. Fachrizal Afandi,, S. Psi., S.H., M.H. (2022) Persidangan Pidana Online sebagai Perwujudan Asas Cepat, Sederhana, dan Biaya Ringan di Masa Covid-19 (Studi Komparasi Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kemunculan Covid-19 telah mengakibatkan seluruh negara di dunia menjadi resah. Covid-19 selain berdampak terhadap kesehatan, juga berimplikasi pada sektor lain yang salah satunya adalah hukum, karena kejahatan hukum bertambah dari segi kuantitasnya. Hal tersebut sebagaimana data Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, bahwa kejahatan telah meningkat sebanyak 19,72% pada saat penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, hukum haruslah tetap ditegakan meskipun di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Sehingga, akhirnya negara mengeluarkan kebijakan mengenai persidangan online. Persidangan online semacam ini juga telah diterapkan di negara-negara lainnya, seperti di Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan hal itu, Penulis meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai aturan di kedua negara tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan pengaturan persidangan pidana online pada masa pandemi Covid-19 antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat serta untuk mengetahui kaitannya dengan asas cepat, sederhana, dan berbiaya ringan. Selanjutnya, jenis penelitiannya menggunakan yuridis normatif dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan konsep, perundang-undangan, dan perbandingan hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasanya akibat dari pandemi Covid-19, lembaga-lembaga hukum di Indonesia akhirnya membuat Perjanjian Kerja Sama (PKS) tentang Pelaksanaan Persidangan Melalui Teleconference dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) nomor 4 tahun 2020 tentang Administrasi dan Persidangan Perkara Pidana di Pengadilan secara Elektronik. Sementara di Amerika Serikat, telah membuat aturan persidangan online untuk penanggulangan Covid-19, yaitu dengan mengeluarkan (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. Berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan tersebut Peneliti menganalisis 2 (dua) hal penting terkait pengaturan persidangan secara online ini. Pertama, Peneliti menganalisis mengenai kedudukan produk hukum, yang mana produk hukum Indonesia memiliki posisi yang lemah karena secara hierarki statusnya sebagai Perma dan PKS lebih rendah daripada Undang-Undang. Sedangkan, di Amerika Serikat, peraturan-peraturan mengenai persidangan online sering kali tidak sesuai dengan keputusan MA, yang akhirnya menimbulkan pertanyaan, apakah persidangan online telah menentang konstitusi atau tidak. Kedua, Peneliti menganalisis mengenai perbandingan substansi yang ada pada ketiga aturan tersebut, yang hasilnya masing-masingnya memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya sendiri-sendiri. Hasil penelitian berikutnya adalah keterkaitan peraturan-peraturan tersebut dengan asas cepat, sederhana, dan berbiaya murah, yang tercantum baik secara eksplisit maupun implisit di dalamnya. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa asas tersebut ternyata sebagai salah satu landasan lahirnya persidangan online yang mana bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja lembaga penegak hukum agar persidangan dapat dilaksanakan dengan lebih efisien dan efektif.
English Abstract
The emergence of Covid-19 has made the whole world worried. Covid-19 in addition to having an impact on health, also has implications for other sectors, one of which is law, because crimes are increasing in terms of quantity. This is according to data from the Indonesian National Police, that crime has increased by 19,72% during the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions. Based on this, the law must still be enforced even in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. So, the state finally issued policies regarding online trials. This online trial has also been implemented in other countries, such as in the United States. Based on this, the authors would like to conduct further research on the regulations in the two countries. The purpose of this research was to determine the comparison of online trial arrangement during the period of Covid-19 pandemic between Indonesia and the United States and to determine the relationship with the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost. Furthermore, the type of research uses a normative juridical approach by utilizing a conceptual approach, legislation, and comparative law. The results showed, that the consequence of the Pandemic Covid-19, justice enforcement institution in Indonesia finally made a Cooperation Agreement (PKS) regarding the Implementation of the Trial Through Teleconference and the Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) number 4 of 2020 regarding administration and trial of criminal cases in court electronically. Meanwhile in the United States, online trial regulations have been made for the prevention of Covid-19 by issuing CARES (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security) Act. From these regulations the Researcher analyzed 2 (two) important things related to this online trial arrangement. First, the Researcher analyzes the position of the legal product, which in Indonesian legal products have a weak position because the status hierarchy as Perma and cooperation agreements are lower than the Act. Meanwhile, in the United States, regulations about online trials are often inconsistent with Supreme Court decisions, which raises the question of whether online courts are against the constitution or not. Second, the Researcher analyzed the comparison of the substance that existed in the three rules, whose results each of rules had its own advantages and disadvantages. The results of the next research are the connection of these regulations with the principle of fast, simple, and low-cost, which contains explicitly and implicitly in it. From the results of the research, it was known that the principle turned out to be one of the cornerstone of the birth of online trial, which aims to improve the performance of law enforcement agencies so that trials can be implemented more efficiently and effectively.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522010159 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 340 Law |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Hukum > Ilmu Hukum |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 08 May 2023 07:41 |
| Last Modified: | 08 May 2023 07:41 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198965 |
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