Pulungan, Alpi Anwar and Muh Fatoni Rohman,, S.Pd., M.Pd. (2021) Wajah Politik Aceh Pasca-MoU Helsinki Dalam Novel Tanah Surga Merah Karya Arafat Nur. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Lembaran sejarah Aceh banyak diwarnai perang dan konflik. Dimulai perang melawan penjajah Belanda dan Jepang hingga pemerintah Indonesia. GAM dan pemerintah Indonesia pada akhirnya berdamai dan Aceh diizinkan membentuk partai politik lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kontestasi politik Aceh pasca-MoU Helsinki dalam novel Tanah Surga Merah karya Arafat Nur yang meliputi (1) penyebab konflik politik, (2) bentuk konflik politik, (3) tipe konflik politik, dan (4) struktur konflik politik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan ditopang teori konflik politik. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu novel Tanah Surga Merah karya Arafat Nur yang diterbitkan PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama pada tahun 2017. Teknik yang digunakan yaitu teknik pustaka, simak dan catat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara (1) reduksi data, (2) sajian data, dan (3) penarikan simpulan (verifikasi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wajah politik Aceh pasca-MoU Helsinki dipenuhi pelanggaran dan kekerasan politik. Penyebab konflik politiknya yaitu kemajemukan vertikal. Konflik tersebut mengencang karena dipicu oleh kebutuhan yang terancam, ketimpangan struktural, informasi yang tidak akurat, hubungan antarasesama yang buruk dan pertentangan pribadi. Bentuk konflik politiknya terdiri dari intimidasi, teror, pelanggaran larangan kampanye, kampanye hitam, pembakaran, penembakan dan kekerasan fisik. Pelakunya yaitu sesama eks kombatan GAM dan tempat terjadinya di Lhokseumawe serta waktu terjadinya antara bulan Februari hingga April menjelang pemilu 2014. Tipe konflik politiknya negatif dan strukturnya zero sum conflict (konflik menang-kalah) dan non zero sum conflict (konflik menang-menang). Non zero sum conflict lebih banyak ditemukan daripada zero sum conflict sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa soft power melalui dialog, kompromi dan kerja sama merupakan strategi penyelesaian konflik. Strategi soft power dapat berhasil jika kedua pihak yang berkonflik bisa menikmati hasilnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya polarisasi dalam kehidupan eks kombatan GAM yaitu kelas elite dan non-elite. Polarisasi tersebut menunjukkan reintegrasi Aceh yang belum sepenuhnya berhasil terutama reintegrasi ekonomi. Ketidakefektifan reintegrasi tersebut pada akhirnya berkaitan dengan pengangguran, kriminalitas, hubungan sosial dan situasi politik yang buruk.
English Abstract
Many of the historical sheets of Aceh are colored by wars and conflicts. Starting from the war against the Dutch and Japanese colonialists to the Indonesian government. GAM and the Indonesian government eventually made peace and Aceh was allowed to form local parties. This study aims to describe the political contestation of Aceh after the MoU in Helsinki in Arafat Nur's novel Tanah Surga Merah, which includes (1) causes of political conflict, (2) forms of political conflict, (3) types of political conflict, and (4) structures of political conflict. This research is a qualitative research with the sociology of literature approach and political conflict theory. The data source of this research is the novel Tanah Surga Merah by Arafat Nur published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama in 2017. The technique used is the library technique, listening and taking notes. Data analysis was performed by (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions (verification). The results of this study indicate that the political face of Aceh after the Helsinki MoU is filled with political violations and violence. The cause of the political conflict is vertical plurality. The conflict escalates because it is triggered by threatened needs, structural inequality, inaccurate information, bad relationships between people and personal conflicts. The forms of political conflict consist of intimidation, terror, campaign ban, black campaign, arson, shootings and physical violence. The perpetrators were fellow former GAM combatants and the scene in Lhokseumawe and the time of the incident between February and April before the 2014 elections. The type of political conflict is negative and the structure is a zero sum conflict (win-win conflict). Non zero sum conflicts are mostly found in zero sum conflicts, thus indicating that soft power through dialogue, compromise and cooperation is a conflict resolution strategy. A soft power strategy works when both parties to a conflict can enjoy the results. In addition, this study also found a polarization in the lives of former GAM combatants, namely the elite and non-elite classes. The polarization shows that Aceh's reintegration has not materialized, especially economic reintegration. The ineffectiveness of the reintegration is ultimately related to unemployment, crime, poor social relations and the political situation.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0521120083 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kontestasi Politik, Pasca-MoU Helsinki, Sosiologi Sastra, Political Contestation, Post-MoU Helsinki, Sociology of Literature |
| Subjects: | 400 Language > 499 Non-Austronesian languages of Oceania, Austronesian languages, miscellaneous languages > 499.22 Malayo-Polynesian languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor; Chamic languages > 499.221 Indonesian (bahasa Indonesia) |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Budaya > Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 05 May 2023 02:10 |
| Last Modified: | 05 May 2023 02:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198693 |
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