Fatmawati, Triana and Prof. Ir. Sumeru Ashari, (2022) Karakterisasi Morfologi Empat Calon Varietas Hibrida Cabai Besar (Capsicum Annuum L.). Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan jenis sayuran yang mengandung 84 mg vitamin C, 31 kalori, 1 g protein, 0,4 g lemak, 7,3 g karbohidrat, 29 mg kalsium, 24 mg fosfor, 0,5 mg besi, 470 mg vitamin A, dan 0,05 mg vitamin B1. Konsumsi cabai besar tahun 2016 sebesar 1,55 kg/kapita, konsumsi tahun 2017 jumlah konsumsi 1,56 kg/kapita, dan tahun 2019 jumlah konsumsi sebesar 1,58 kg/kapita. Sedangkan, produksi cabai besar pada tahun 2016 sebesar 1.099.965 ton ha-1, tahun 2017 meningkat menjadi 1.149.094 ton ha- 1 dan mengalami penurununan 1.120.428 ton ha-1 di tahun 2019. Penggunaan varietas unggul berdaya hasil tinggi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cabai besar. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan yaitu dengan karakterisasi. Adanya karakterisasi dapat mengetahui karakter agronomi yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil cabai besar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan calon varietas yang unggul dibandingkan dengan cabai besar varietas pembanding Pilar dan Bewe dan untuk mempelajari karakter morfologi yang menjadi penciri khusus empat calon varietas hibrida cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Hipotesis yang digunakan yaitu terdapat calon varietas potensial cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.) yang unggul dibandingkan dengan varietas Pilar dan Bewe dan terdapat karakter penciri khusus pada masing-masing calon varietas hibrida cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Agustus 2022. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Bocek Manggisari, Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan faktor perlakuan yaitu empat calon varietas hibrida cabai besar (09, 142, 49, dan 91) dan dua varietas pembanding (Pilar dan Bewe) yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 18 satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati terdiri dari karakter kuantitatif dan karakter kualitatif. Adapun karakter kuantitatif yang diamati yaitu daya simpan, hasil buah per hektar, jumlah bunga per tanaman, fruit set (buah jadi), jumlah buku, panjang buah, diameter buah, waktu muncul bunga, waktu panen, interval perubahan warna muda ke masak, dan panjang ruas batang. Sedangkan karakter kualitatif yang diamati yaitu antosianin hipokotil, pola letak daun, warna antosianin pada ruas batang, bentuk daun, profil permukaan daun, pola bunga, antosianin benang sari, warna bunga muda, kemunculan warna buah sebelum masak, bentuk buah dominan membujur, sinuasi kulit buah, perubahan warna pertama pada buah, warna buah masak, abscission layer pada tangkai, calyx, tipe buah berdasarkan diameter, dan kelebatan buah. Data kualitatif dianalisis menggunakan statistika deskriptif dalam bentuk Persentase yang kemudian dimasukkan kedalam kategori skoring. Sedangkan data kuantitatif yang di peroleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA (uji F hitung dengan taraf 5%). Bila nilai F hitung perlakuan menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata, maka data kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Selain itu menghitung nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik (KKG). ii Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keunggulan empat calon varietas yaitu CV-09 memiliki diameter buah terbesar dengan rerata berkisar 1,64- 1,65 cm, CV-49 memiliki fruit set tertinggi dengan rerata berkisar 47,10-51,88%, dan umur panen yang genjah dengan rerata berkisar 96,58-98,33 HST. CV-142 memiliki keunggulan yaitu jumlah bunga terbanyak dengan rerata kisaran 110,18- 127,82 bunga. Sedangkan pada karakter kualitatif terdapat penciri khusus pada calon varietas CV-49 memiliki penciri khusus yaitu perubahan warna pertama pada buah dan warna buah masak. Namun tidak terdapat penciri khusus pada calon varietas CV-09, CV-91, dan CV-14
English Abstract
Big chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a type of vegetable that contains 84 mg vitamin C, 31 calories, 1 g protein, 0.4 g fat, 7.3 g carbohydrates, 29 mg calcium, 24 mg phosphorus, 0.5 mg iron , 470 mg of vitamin A, and 0.05 mg of vitamin B1. Consumption of big chilies in 2016 was 1.55 kg/capita, consumption in 2017 was 1.56 kg/capita, and in 2019 consumption was 1.58 kg/capita. Meanwhile, the production of big chilies in 2016 was 1,099,965 tons ha-1, 2017 it increased to 1,149,094 tons ha-1 and experienced a decrease of 1,120,428 tons ha-1 in 2019. The use of high-yielding superior varieties is one of the efforts to increase the productivity of big chilies. One way to do that is by characterization. The existence of characterization can determine the agronomic characters that affect the yield of big chilies. The aims of this study were to obtain superior candidate varieties compared to the big chili varieties for comparison, Pilar and Bewe, and to study the morphological characters that became the special characteristics of the four candidate hybrid varieties of big chili (Capsicum annuum L.). The hypothesis used is that there are potential varieties of big chili (Capsicum annuum L.) that are superior compared to the Pilar and Bewe varieties and that there are special identifying characters in each candidate for the big chili hybrid variety (Capsicum annuum L.). This research was conducted in February-August 2022. The research was carried out in Bocek Manggisari Village, Karangploso, Malang Regency. The experimental design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with treatment factors, namely four candidate hybrid varieties of red chili (09, 142, 49, and 91) and two comparison varieties (Pilar and Bewe) which were repeated 3 times in order to obtain 18 experimental units. The observed variables consist of quantitative and qualitative characters. The quantitative characters observed were shelf life, fruit yield per hectare, number of flowers planted, fruit set, number of nodes, fruit length, fruit diameter, flower emergence time, harvest time, interval of color change from young to ripe, and length of stem segments. While the qualitative characters observed were hypocotyl anthocyanins, leaf pattern, anthocyanin color in stem segments, leaf shape, leaf surface profile, floral pattern, stamens anthocyanin, young flower color, appearance of fruit color before ripening, longitudinal dominant fruit shape, fruit skin sinuation, first color change in fruit, ripe fruit color, abscission layer on stalk, calyx, fruit type based on diameter, and fruit density. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of percentages that were included in the scoring category. While, the quantitative data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (F-test count with a level of 5%). If the calculated F value of treatment shows a significant difference, then the data is then further tested using the DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test. In addition to calculating the value of the Coefficient of Variance Genetic (CVG). Based on the results of the result, it was shown that the advantages of the four candidate varieties were CV-09 which had the bigst fruit diameter with an average range of 1.64-1.65 cm, CV-49 had the highest fruit set with an average iv range of 47.10-51.88%, and early maturing harvest with an average range of 96.58-98.33 DAP. CV-142 has the advantage of having the highest number of flowers with an average range of 110.18-127.82 flowers. Meanwhile, for the qualitative characters, there are special characteristics for the CV-49 candidate variety which have special characteristics, namely the first color change in the fruit and the color of the ripe fruit. However, there are no special characteristics in the candidate varieties CV-09, CV-91 and CV-142.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040532 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Apr 2023 02:43 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Apr 2023 02:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198427 |
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