Nisrina, Syifa and Prof. Dr. Ir. Lita Soetopo and Dr. Ir. Lia Sanjaya, (2022) Analisis Keragaman Genetik Dan Heritabilitas Krisan Varietas Puspita Nusantara Hasil Radiasi Sinar Gamma. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Krisan merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan sangat populer dikalangan masyarakat. Tanaman krisan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu krisan varietas puspita nusantara. Krisan varietas puspita nusantara sudah bernilai komersial, tetapi karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit karat sudah menurun. Dengan meradiasi krisan varietas puspita nusantara diharapkan bisa mendapatkan krisan varietas baru yang tahan terhadap penyakit karat dan memiliki sifat-sifat seperti krisan puspita nusantara. Perbaikan karakter melalui program pemuliaan tanaman membutuhkan banyak informasi antara lain tentang keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas. Analisis keragaman genotipe mutan yang diperoleh dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perubahan genetik dari varietas asalnya, memperoleh informasi karakter apa saja yang berbeda dari varietas asal, dan mengidentifikasi apakah perubahan yang terjadi memang disebabkan oleh perubahan genetik akibat mutasi dan bukan merupakan pengaruh dari lingkungan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik dan nilai heritabilitas pada tanaman krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara hasil radiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021 – April 2022 di Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IP2TP) Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (BALITHI) yang berada di Kecamatan Cipanas, Kota Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah benih krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara hasil mutasi radiasi sinar gamma dan benih krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara yang tidak diradiasi sebagai kontrol, pupuk, insektisida, dan fungisida. Alat yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ialah panduan deskriptor tanaman krisan, kuisioner pengambilan sampel tanaman krisan, penggaris 100 cm, penggaris 30 cm, alat tulis, dan kamera. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel pengamatan untuk setiap tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode single plant. Lahan yang digunakan dibagi menjadi 5 bedengan dengan ukuran 600 cm x 10 cm dan jarak antar bedengan adalah 40 cm. Tanaman krisan ditanam pada bedengan dengan satu bedeng terdapat 30 baris dan perbaris ditanam 10 tanaman. Sehingga secara keseluruhan total individu tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 1.500 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap beberapa variabel pengamatan untuk setiap tanaman. Parameter yang akan diamati dalam penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan buku panduan deskriptor krisan UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants). Parameter yang diamati dan diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, panjang buku, panjang daun, bentuk sisi daun, bentuk bagian bawah daun, bentuk tandan, lebar tandan, jumlah kuntum bunga, panjang tangkai kuntum bunga, warna bunga, jumlah bunga pita, bentuk ujung bunga pita, umur berbunga, umur panen, vaselife, dan tingkat serangan penyakit karat. Analisis data dilakukan pada keseluruhan individu tanaman. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji t pada taraf 5% untuk membandingkan rata-rata tanaman populasi mutan dengan populasi kontrol. Untuk vii menentukan keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas, data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan beberapa metode statistik yang meliputi rata-rata, nilai tengah, ragam, koefisien keragaman genotip, dan heritabilitas. Hasil analisis keragaman genetik menunjukan bahwa terdapat karakter dengan keragaman yang luas. Karakter dengan keragaman genetik luas terdapat pada karakter tingkat serangan penyakit karat. Karakter lainnya yaitu karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang buku, panjang daun, lebar tandan, jumlah kuntum bunga, panjang tangkai bunga, diameter kuntum bunga, jumlah bunga pita, umur berbunga, umur panen, dan vaselife memiliki nilai keragaman genetik yang sempit. Mutan krisan varietas puspita nusantara memiliki nilai heritabilitas rendah hingga tinggi. Nilai heritabilitas rendah ditemukan pada karakter umur berbunga dan vaselife. Nilai heritabilitas sedang ditemukan pada karakter panjang daun, lebar tandan, diameter kuntum bunga, dan tingkat serangan penyakit karat. Nilai heritabilitas tinggi ditemukan pada karakter tinggi tanaman, panjang buku, jumlah kuntum bunga, panjang tangkai bunga, jumlah bunga pita, dan umur panen
English Abstract
Chrysanthemum is one of the ornamental plants that has high economic value and is very popular among the public. The chrysanthemum plant used in this study was the Puspita Nusantara chrysanthemum variety. Puspita Nusantara chrysanthemum variety has commercial value, but its resistance to rust has decreased. By irradiating the Puspita Nusantara chrysanthemum variety, it is hoped that new varieties of chrysanthemum can be obtained that are resistant to rust disease and have characteristics such as the Puspita Nusantara chrysanthemum. Character improvement through plant breeding programs requires a lot of information, including genetic variability and heritability. The analysis of the diversity of the mutant genotypes obtained was carried out to determine the extent of genetic changes from the original variety, obtain information on what characters are different from the original variety, and identify whether the changes that occurred were caused by genetic changes due to mutations and not the influence of the environment. Based on this background, a study was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity and heritability of chrysanthemum varieties Puspita Nusantara produced by gamma ray radiation. The research was carried out in December 2021 – April 2022 at the Agricultural Technology Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) of the Ornamental Plant Research Institute (BALITHI) located in Cipanas District, Cianjur City, West Java. The materials used in this study were chrysanthemum seeds of the Puspita Nusantara variety resulting from mutations of gamma ray radiation and unirradiated chrysanthemum seeds of the Puspita Nusantara variety as controls, fertilizers, and insecticides. The tools that will be used in the research are chrysanthemum descriptor guide, chrysanthemum plant sampling questionnaire, 100 cm ruler, 30 cm ruler, stationery, and camera. Observations were made on several observation variables for each plant. This study uses a single plant method. The land used is divided into 5 beds with a size of 600 cm x 10 cm and the distance between beds is 40 cm. Chrysanthemum plants were planted in beds with 30 rows in one bed and 10 plants per row. So that the total number of individual plants observed was 1,500 plants. Observations were made on several observation variables for each plant. The parameters to be observed in this study were carried out based on the UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) chrysanthemum descriptor manual. Parameters observed were plant height, inter-node length, leaf length, leaf shape, leaf bottom shape, bunch shape, bunch width, number of flower buds, flower stalk length, flower color, number of ray floret, shape of ray floret tip, flowering age, harvest age, vaselife, and the level of rust disease. Data analysis was carried out on all individual plants. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-test at 5% level to compare the plant mean of the mutant population with the control population. To determine genetic diversity and heritability, quantitative data were ix analyzed using several statistical methods including mean, mean, variance, coefficient of genotypic diversity, and heritability. The results of genetic diversity analysis show that there are characters with wide diversity. Characters with wide genetic diversity are found in the character of the level of rust disease. Other characters, namely the character of plant height, book length, leaf length, bunch width, number of flower buds, flower stalk length, flower diameter, number of ray florets, flowering age, harvest age, and vaselife have narrow genetic diversity values. Mutant chrysanthemum variety Puspita Nusantara has low to high heritability values. Low heritability values were found in the characters of flowering age and vaselife. Medium heritability values were found in the characters of leaf length, bunch width, flower bud diameter, and the level of rust disease attack. High heritability values were found in the character of plant height, book length, number of flower buds, flower stalk length, number of ribbon flowers, and harvest age
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040524 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Apr 2023 06:53 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Apr 2023 06:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198408 |
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