Maytawanti, Rury and Dr. Ir. Damanhuri, (2022) Potensi Produksi Dan Kualitas Benih 5 Genotipe Kacang Bambara (Vigna Subtterranea L. Verdc) Dengan Sistem Budidaya Organik Dan Anorganik. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdcourt) merupakah salah satu tanaman legum yang masih belum banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Departement of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Republic of South Africa (2016), daerah asal kacang bambara yaitu Afrika dan dapat berkembang di daerah dataran tinggi maupun hutan tropis. Potensi dalam pengembangan kacang bambara sangat tinggi. Menurut Yao et al. (2015), kacang bambara mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 63%, protein 19%, lemak, 6,5%, asam amino yang tinggi, serta kandungan lemak yang tidak jenuh seperti kaprilat, oleat, palmitat dan linoleat. Benih merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam budidaya tanaman. Benih berkualitas tinggi dapat dihasilkan melalui proses produksi yang benar. Potensi produksi benih akan maksimal apabila dibudidayakan pada kondisi lingkungan yang optimal. Salah satu lingkungan tumbuh yang sehat adalah melalui budidaya secara organik. Potensi produksi benih juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik. Perbedaan genotipe akan berpengaruh terhadap daya hasilnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengujian terhadap potensi produksi benih dari berbagai macam genotipe kacang bambara yang dibudidayakan pada lingkungan tumbuh organik. Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui potensi produksi dan kualitas benih pada 5 genotipe kacang bambara dengan sistem budidaya organik dan anorganik telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2021 sampai Mei 2022 di Desa Sukorejo, Kecamatan Gondanglegi, Kabupaten Malang. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 genotipe benih kacang bambara yaitu LLB, SS 3.4.2, PWbg 5.2.1, JLB 1 dan GSG 1.5, pupuk kandang sapi, pupuk organik cair, NPK 16-16-16, herbisida, air dan garam tetrazolium. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan 3 kali ulangan. Karakter kuantitatif yang diamati meliputi daya tumbuh benih, bobot rerata setiap benih, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur panen, bobot polong segar per tanaman, bobot polong kering per tanaman jumlah polong berbiji tunggal dan ganda, jumlah polong total, panjang biji, lebar biji, diameter biji, bobot 100 butir, kadar air benih dan viabilitas benih. Karakter kualitatif yang diamati meliputi warna dasar biji, corak biji, dan tekstur permukaan biji. Pada karakter kualitatif akan disajikan dalam metode deskripsi. Karakter kuantitatif akan dilakukan analisa menggunakan analisis ragam dengan rancangan petak terbagi, apabila hasilnya berbeda nyata, dilanjutkan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara genotipe dan sistem budidaya nyata terhadap jumlah daun, bobot polong segar, jumlah polong tunggal, jumlah polong ganda, bobot 100 butir. Pengaruh sistem budidaya tidak menunjukkan beda nyata pada semua variable pengamatan. Pengaruh genotipe nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga umur panen, bobot kering polong, jumlah polong total, panjang biji, lebar biji dan diameter biji. Pada genotipe yang sama, pengaruh sistem budidaya tidak menunjukkan adanya beda nyata terhadap produksi benih dan kualitas benih. Genotipe LLB dan SS 3.4.2 mempunyai potensi produksi benih lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan genotipe lainnya. Pada karakter kualitatif, keragaman yang paling tinggi adalah warna dasar biji kacang bambar
English Abstract
Bambara Groundnuts (Vigna subterranea L. Verdcourt) is one of the legumes that are still not widely cultivated in Indonesia. Based on the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Republic of South Africa (2016), the origin of bambara beans is Africa and can grow in highland areas and tropical forests. The potential for developing bambara beans is very high. According to Yao et al. (2015), bambara beans contain 63% carbohydrates, 19% protein, 6.5% fat, high amino acids, and unsaturated fats such as caprylate, oleic, palmitate and linoleic. Seed is one of the factors that determine success in plant cultivation. High quality seed can be produced through the correct production process. Seed production potential will be maximized if cultivated in optimal environmental conditions. One of the healthy growing environment is through organic cultivation. Seed production potential is also influenced by genetic factors. Genotype differences will affect the yield. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the potential for seed production of various genotypes of bambara beans cultivated in an organic growing environment. Research with the aim of determined the production potential and seed quality of 5 genotypes of bambara beans with organic and inorganic cultivation systems has been carried out from December 2021 to May 2022 in Sukorejo Village, Gondanglegi District, Malang Regency. The materials used in this study were 5 genotypes of bambara bean seeds, namely LLb, SS 3.4.2, PWbg 5.2.1, JLB 1 and GSG 1.5, cow manure, liquid organic fertilizer, NPK 16-16-16, herbicides, water and tetrazolium salt. This study used a split plot design with 3 replications. The quantitative characters observed included seed germination, average weight of each seed, number of leaves, plant height, flowering age, harvest age, fresh pod weight per plant, dry pod weight per plant, number of single and double seed pods, total number of pods, seed length, seed width, seed diameter, weight of 100 grains, seed moisture content and viability test. The qualitative characters observed included the basic color of the seeds, the pattern of the seeds, and the surface texture of the seeds. The qualitative characters will be presented in the description method. Quantitative characters will be analyzed using analysis of variance with a split plot design, if the results are significantly different, the BNJ test is continued with 5%. The results showed that the interaction between the genotype and the cultivation system was significant on the number of leaves, weight of fresh pods, number of single pods, number of double pods, and weight of 100 grains. The effect of the cultivation system did not show a significant difference in all observation variables. The effect of genotype significantly on plant height, flower age, harvest age, pod dry weight, total pod number, seed length, seed width and seed diameter. In the same genotype, the effect of the cultivation system did not show any significant difference in seed production and seed quality. LLB and SS 3.4.2 genotypes had higher seed production potential and were significantly different from other genotypes. In the qualitative character, the highest diversity was the base color of the bambara beans.
Other obstract
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| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040501 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Budidaya Pertanian |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Apr 2023 02:57 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Apr 2023 02:57 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198311 |
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