Bioaktivitas Fumigan Nabati Berbasis Daun Salam Terhadap Hama Rhyzopertha Dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Pada Beras Dalam Simpanan

Sartika, Putri Dewi and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, and Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Tri Rahardjo, (2022) Bioaktivitas Fumigan Nabati Berbasis Daun Salam Terhadap Hama Rhyzopertha Dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Pada Beras Dalam Simpanan. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.

Abstract

Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) merupakan salah satu hama penting pascapanen yang dapat menyerang berbagai bahan simpan antara lain jagung, beras, gandum, umbi kering, bambu, rotan, dan kayu. Hama R. dominica dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada bahan simpan meliputi adanya, tepung hasil gerekan, dan penurunan berat bahan simpan. Upaya pengendalian yang umum dilakukan untuk mengendalikan hama tersebut ialah fumigasi dengan menggunakan fumigan sintetis (fosfin). Namun, metode pengendalian tersebut berdampak negatif bagi binatang non-target, manusia, dan lingkungan, membutuhkan biaya yang lebih mahal, serta menimbulkan resistensi pada hama. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan metode pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan bagian-bagian tumbuhan sebagai fumigan nabati. Beberapa tumbuhan yang telah digunakan sebagai fumigan nabati ialah mimba, jeruk purut, rimpang kunyit, cengkeh, kayu manis, zodea, dan daun salam. Selama ini, penggunaan fumigan nabati masih dalam bentuk cair, sedangkan fumigan nabati dapat berbentuk padat seperti powder dan tablet. Penggunaan daun salam di bidang pertanian belum banyak dilakukan terutama sebagai fumigan nabati berbentuk tablet untuk mengendalikan R. dominica. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian mengenai penggunaan daun salam sebagai fumigan nabati dalam bentuk tablet. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh aktivitas fumigan tablet daun salam terhadap setiap fase perkembangan dan laju pertumbuhan populasi R. dominica Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan (HPT), Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya (FPUB) pada bulan September 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Pengujian aktivitas fumigan tablet daun salam dilakukan pada setiap fase perkembangan R. dominica (telur, larva, pupa, dan imago) terhadap lima tingkatan konsentrasi fumigan tablet daun salam meliputi 0, 3, 5, 7, dan 9 ml/l udara. Penelitian diatur menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan tingkatan konsentrasi fumigan tablet daun salam dan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Pada pelaksanaan pengujian ini menggunakan telur yang berumur 0–24 jam, larva instar 1, larva di dalam butiran beras, pupa yang berumur 1– 2 hari, pupa di dalam butiran beras, dan imago yang berumur 7–14 hari. Masing- masing sebanyak 20 telur, larva, dan pupa dimasukkan ke dalam vial (d=2,5 cm, t=3 cm) yang telah berisi pakan (2 g), kemudian vial tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam tabung perlakuan (v=195ml) yang telah berisi fumigan tablet daun salam sesuai perlakuan, selanjutnya tabung perlakuan ditutup. Sebanyak 15 pasang imago R. dominica dimasukkan ke dalam tabung perlakuan yang telah berisi beras IR64 (30 g) dan fumigan tablet daun salam sesuai perlakuan, kemudian tabung perlakuan ditutup dengan rapat. Paparan fumigan tablet daun salam pada setiap fase perkembangan R. dominica selama 7 hari. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari mortalitas setiap fase perkembangan R. dominica, jumlah telur, jumlah imago baru (F1), dan penurunan berat pakan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan taraf kesalahan 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT dengan taraf kesalahan 5% apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata antar perlakuan. Perhitungan LC50 dan LC90 fumigan tablet daun salam dianalisis menggunakan analisa Probit. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan dalam analisis data ialah R-statistika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkatan konsentrasi fumigan tablet daun salam berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas setiap fase perkembangan R. dominica, jumlah telur, jumlah imago baru (F1) R. dominica, dan penurunan berat pakan. Fumigan tablet daun salam dapat menyebabkan mortalitas pada fase telur (100%), larva (95–100%), pupa (99–100%) , dan imago R. dominica (2,67–100%). Nilai LC50 fumigan tablet daun salam pada telur, larva, pupa dan imago secara berurutan ialah 1,51; 2,69; 2.51; dan 4,38 ml/l udara. Sementara itu, nilai LC90 fumigant tablet daun salam pada telur 1,64 ml/l udara, larva 2,92 ml/l udara, pupa 2, 74 ml/l udara, dan imago R. dominica 5,21 ml/l udara. Fumigan tablet daun salam juga dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi telur R. dominica berkisar antara 67–100% dan laju penghambatan imago baru (F1) R. dominica berkisar antara 77–100%. Selain itu, penggunaan fumigan tablet juga menyebabkan penurunan pada berat pakan

English Abstract

Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is one of the important stored pests that can attack various stored products including corn, rice, wheat, dried tubers, bamboo, rattan, and wood. R. dominica can cause damage to stored products, including the presence of holes, produce large amounts of frass, and weight loss of stored products. General control methods for R. dominica are fumigation with the use of synthetic fumigant (phospine). However, those control methods have a negative impact on non-target animals, humans, environment, are more expensive, and can lead resistance to pests. Therefore, an environmentally friendly control method is needed by utilizing plant parts as botanical fumigants. Some plants that have been used as botanical fumigants i.e. neem, kaffir lime, turmeric, clove, cinnamon, zodea, and bay leaf. So far, the use of botanical fumigants is still in liquid form, while botanical fumigants can be applied as powder and tablet. The use of bay leaves in agriculture has not been widely used, especially as a botanical fumigant in tablet form to control R. dominica. Thus, it is necessary to study the use of bay leaf as a botanical fumigant in tablet form. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fumigant activity of bay leaf tablets on each phase of development and growth rate of R. dominica. This research was carried out in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya from September 2021 until January 2022. The tablet fumigant activity of Indonesian bay leaf was tested on each developmental stages of R. dominica (i.e. eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) with five different concentration levels (i.e. 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 ml/l air). The study was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatment of concentration levels and it was repeated five times. In this experiment, the tablet fumigant activity against R. dominica was done by exposing eggs aged 0–24 hours, instar 1 larvae, larvae in rice, pupae aged 1–2 days, pupae in rice, and adults 7–14 days old. Each of 20 eggs, larvae, and pupae were put into a vial (d=2.5 cm, t=3 cm) which already contained rice (2 g), then the vial was put into a treatment jar (v=195ml) that already contains the tablets fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf according to the treatment, then the treatment jar was tightly closed. A total of 15 pairs of R. dominica adults were put into a treatment jar which already contained rice (30 g) and the the tablets fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf according to treatment, then the treatment jar was tightly closed. The exposure tablets fumigant on each phase of R. dominica for 7 days. The observation variables in this experiment consisted of mortality on each phase of R. dominica, number of eggs, number of F1 progeny, and weight loss of diet. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level and for significant differences were determined by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The value of LC50 and LC90 of tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf was analyzed using Probit. The data were analyzed using R-statistics software. The results showed that the fumigant concentration level of tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf had a significant effect on mortality in each developmental phase of R. dominica (i. e. eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults), number of eggs, number of F1 iv progeny of R. dominica, and weight loss of diet. The tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf can cause mortality on eggs (100%), larvae (95–100%), pupae (99–100%) and adults of R. dominica (2.67–100%). The LC50 values of tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf on eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults respectively were 1.51; 2.69; 2.51; and 4.38 ml/l air. Meanwhile, the LC90 values of tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf tablets on eggs was 1.64 ml/l air; larvae 2.92 ml/l air; pupae 2.74 ml/l air; and R. dominica adults 5.21 ml/l air. The tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf also a decreased the egg production of R. dominica was about 67–100% and the inhibition rate of F1 progeny of R. dominica was about 77–100%. In addition, the use of tablet fumigant of Indonesian bay leaf can suppress the decrease weight loss of die

Other obstract

Item Type:	Thesis (Magister)
Identification Number:	0422040057
Subjects:	600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 630 Agriculture and related technologies
Divisions:	S2/S3 > Magister Ilmu Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian
Depositing User:	Nur Cholis
Date Deposited:	12 Apr 2023 02:18
Last Modified:	12 Apr 2023 02:19
URI:	http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198174

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