Permatasari, Magdalena and Dr. Fahriyah, SP., M.Si and Deny Meitasari, SP., M.Sc. (2022) Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran Bunga Sedap Malam (Polianthes Tuberosa) Di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Florikultura merupakan subsektor hortikultura yang turut andil dalam PDB (Produk Domestik Bruto) Indonesia. Saat PDB Indonesia Atas Dasar Harga Konstan (2020) mengalami penurunan 2,06% dibandingkan dengan tahun 2019, kontribusi hortikultura meningkat sebesar 0,93%. Salah satu florikultura yang diproduksi di Indonesia ialah bunga sedap malam. Kabupaten Pasuruan merupakan sentra produksi bunga sedap malam di Jawa Timur yang menyumbang 72,9% dari total produksi di tahun 2019 sebanyak 90 juta tangkai (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2019). Petani bunga sedap malam menghadapi fluktuasi harga yang tinggi sehingga pendapatan petani tidak menentu, kegiatan distribusi yang terhambat sehingga petani sulit memenuhi permintaan pasar dan akses pasar yang sulit sehingga petani menjual hasil panen kepada tengkulak sekitar dengan harga rendah. Hal tersebut berpengaruh terhadap marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share yang diterima petani (Asmarantaka et al., 2017). Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk: 1) Menganalisis saluran pemasaran yang terlibat dalam pemasaran bunga sedap malam di Kabupaten Pasuruan. 2) Menganalisis marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share pada setiap saluran pemasaran bunga sedap malam di Kabupaten Pasuruan. 3) Menganalisis efisiensi saluran pemasaran pada pemasaran bunga sedap malam di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Rembang dan Kelurahan Dermo Kabupaten Pasuruan yang ditentukan secara purposive. Sampel petani dipilih dengan menggunakan simple random sampling dengan syarat petani yang menjadi sampel adalah petani yang memanen bunga potong, yang ditentukan dengan metode Slovin dan diperoleh sampel 41 petani. Sedangkan sampel lembaga pemasaran diperoleh dengan metode snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pembagian kuisioner, wawancara dan observasi. Alat analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif saluran pemasaran, analisis marjin pemasaran, analisis farmer’s share, analisis efisiensi harga dan efisiensi operasional, dan Shepherd Method. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat tujuh saluran pemasaran yang terlibat dalam pemasaran bunga sedap malam, yaitu: 1) Petani-Konsumen, 2) Petani-Pedagang Ecer-Konsumen, 3) Petani-Pedagang Ecer Luar Wilayah-Konsumen, 4) Petani-Tengkulak-Konsumen, 5) Petani-Tengkulak- Konsumen Luar Provinsi, 6) Petani-Tengkulak-Pedagang Ecer Luar Wilayah- Konsumen, 7) Petani-Pedagang Pengumpul-Pedagang Ecer Luar Wilayah-Konsumen. Fungsi pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh lembaga pemasaran meliputi fungsi pertukaran (pembelian dan penjualan), fungsi fisik (bongkar muat, transportasi, dan pengemasan), dan fungsi fasilitas (informasi pasar, tempat, permodalan, transaksi, retribusi, dan penanggungan resiko). Fungsi pemasaran pada setiap lembaga berbeda-beda bergantung pada kebutuhan masing-masing lembaga. Efisiensi pemasaran bunga sedap malam ditentukan melalui 5 indikator efisiensi yaitu marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, efisiensi operasional, efisiensi harga, dan indeks efisiensi pemasaran. Berdasarkan nilai marjin pemasaran, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien yaitu saluran pemasaran V karena memiliki nilai marjin terkecil. Share marjin lembaga pemasaran rata-rata per saluran pemasaran lebih besar daripada share yang diterima oleh petani, yaitu sekitar 33%-63%. Sedangkan nilai rasio keuntungan per lembaga pemasaran sudah melebihi nilai 1 yang berarti bahwa lembaga pemasaran telah mendapatkan keuntungan yang layak. Berdasarkan perhitungan farmer’s share, saluran pemasaran yang efisien ialah saluran I, II, III, dan IV, karena memiliki persentase farmer’s share ≥ 40%. Perhitungan efisiensi harga berdasarkan biaya transportasi memperoleh hasil bahwa seluruh saluran pemasaran sudah efisien karena selisih harga lembaga dengan lembaga sebelumnya lebih besar daripada biaya transportasi yang dikeluarkan. Sedangkan berdasarkan efisiensi operasional penggunaan alat transportasi, saluran pemasaran yang sudah efisien ialah lembaga tengkulak pada saluran pemasaran IV, lembaga tengkulak pada saluran pemasaran VI, dan lembaga petani dalam saluran pemasaran VII. Berdasarkan nilai Shepherd Method, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien ialah saluran pemasaran II. Secara keseluruhan, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien ialah saluran pemasaran II, yaitu saluran pemasaran Petani-Pedagang Pengecer- Konsumen karena efisien berdasarkan analisis farmer’s share, efisiensi harga, dan Shepherd Method.
English Abstract
Floriculture is a horticultural sub-sector that contributes to Indonesia's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). When Indonesia's GDP at Constant Prices (2020) decreased by 2.06% compared to 2019, the contribution of horticulture increased by 0.93%. One of the floricultures produced in Indonesia is tuberose flower. Pasuruan Regency is the center of tuberose flower production in East Java, which contributed 72.9% of the total production in 2019 of 90 million stalks (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2019). Tuberose flower farmers experience high price fluctuations so that farmers' incomes are uncertain, distribution activities are hampered so that farmers find it difficult to meet market demand and market access is difficult so that farmers sell their crops to middlemen around at low prices. This affects the marketing margin and farmer's share received by farmers (Asmarantaka et al., 2017). The aims of this study are to: 1) Analyze the marketing channels involved in marketing tuberose flowers in Pasuruan Regency. 2) Analyzing marketing margins and farmer's share on each tuberose flower marketing channel in Pasuruan Regency. 3) Analyzing the efficiency of marketing channels on tuberose flower marketing in Pasuruan Regency. The research was conducted in Rembang Village and Dermo Village, Pasuruan Regency which was determined purposively. The sample of farmers was selected using simple random sampling with the condition that the farmers who became the sample were farmers who harvest cut flowers, which were determined by the Slovin method and a sample of 41 farmers was obtained. While the sample of marketing institutions was obtained by the snowball sampling method. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires, interviews and observations. The analytical tools used are descriptive analysis of marketing channels, marketing margin analysis, farmer's share analysis, price efficiency and operational efficiency analysis, and Shepherd Method. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that there are seven marketing channels that involved in the marketing of tuberose flowers, namely: 1) Farmers-Consumers, 2) Farmers-Retailers-Consumers, 3) Farmers-Retailers Outside the Region-Consumers, 4) Farmers-Wholesalers-Consumers, 5) Farmers-Wholesalers- Consumers Outside the Province, 6) Farmers-Wholesalers-Retailers Outside the Region-Consumers, 7) Farmers-Commission Agent-Retailers Outside the Region- Consumers. Marketing functions carried out by marketing institutions include exchange functions (purchases and sales), physical functions (unloading, transportation, and packaging), and facility functions (market information, place, capital, transactions, levies, and risk bearing). The marketing function of each institution is different depending on the needs of each institution. Tuberose flower marketing efficiency is determined through 5 efficiency indicators, namely marketing margin, farmer's share, operational efficiency, price efficiency, and marketing efficiency index. Based on the marketing margin value, the most efficient marketing channel is marketing channel V because it has the smallest margin value. The average share margin of marketing institutions per marketing channel is greater than the share received by farmers, which is around 33%-63%. While the value of the profit ratio per marketing agency has >1, which means that the marketing agency has earned a decent profit. Based on the farmer's share calculation, the marketing channels that efficient are channels I, II, III, and IV, because they have a farmer's share percentage ≥40%. Based on the price efficiency of transportation costs, all marketing channels are efficient because the price difference between the institution and the previous institution is greater than the transportation costs incurred. Meanwhile, based on the operational efficiency of the use of transportation, the marketing channels that efficient are wholesalers in marketing channel IV, wholesalers in marketing channel VI, and farmer in marketing channel VII. Marketing agencies should optimize the use of transportation to be more efficient by transporting tuberose flowers according to the carrying capacity of the vehicle used. Based on the value of the Shepherd Method, the most efficient marketing channels are marketing channels II. Overall, the most efficient marketing channel is marketing channel II, namely the Farmer-Retailers-Consumer marketing channel because it is efficient based on farmer’s share analysis, price efficiency analysis and Shepherd Method.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Sarjana) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0522040446 |
| Subjects: | 300 Social sciences > 338 Production > 338.1 Agriculture |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Pertanian > Agribisnis |
| Depositing User: | Nur Cholis |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Apr 2023 01:42 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Apr 2023 01:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/198038 |
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