Wardani, Lisma and Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Yuli Herawati, MS and Dr. Ir. Asus Maizar Suryanto H., S.Pi, MP (2022) Analisis Status Perairan dan Kesehatan Ikan Keting (Mystus nigriceps) di Hilir Sungai Welang, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Magister thesis, Universitas Brawijaya.
Abstract
Seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan industri, selain membawa keuntungan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia, juga memberikan masalah yang besar seperti dampak lingkungan karena limbah yang dihasilkan oleh industri tersebut mengandung berbagai polutan seperti logam berat yang masuk keperairan melalui aliran sungai. Peningkatan kadar logam berat dalam air diikuti oleh peningkatan logam berat dalam tubuh ikan dan biota lainnya. Pencemaran air oleh logam berat akan mengakibatkan ikan yang hidup di dalamnya tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji kondisi kualitas air, kesehatan ikan dilihat dari profil hematologi dan kadar MT pada ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) di hilir sungai welang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September - Oktober 2021 di kecamatan Purworejo, Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survey dengan analisis data secara deskriptif. Penentuan stasiun pengamatan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Stasiun 1 terletak di dekat Industri PT CARMA WIRA JATIM, stasiun 2 terletak dengan sungai kecil tempat pembuangan limbah pertanian juga dekat dengan dermaga kapal di Desa Tambakrejo, dan stasiun 3 terletak di daerah tambak perikanan di sekitar badan sungai Welang. Parameter kualitas air dilihat dari parameter fisika (Suhu dan TSS), dan parameter kimia (pH, DO, Nitrat, Amonia, BOD, dan logam berat Cd). Hasil parameter kualitas air dianalisis menggunakan metode indeks pencemaran IP untuk melihat status pencemaran sungai welang. Parmeter kesehatan ikan di lihat dari profil hematologi yaitu: eritrosit, leukosit, hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit dan mikronuklei (MN). Kadar MT pada ikan dilihat dari insang dan hati ikan. Hasil penelitian kualitas air yaitu suhu berkisar 29,0-31,1 0C, TSS berkisar 30-141 mg/l, pH berkisar 7,7 8,6, DO berkisar 5,8-6,6 mg/l, nitrat berkisar 0,068-0,280mg/l, BOD berkisar 6,22-10,2, dan kadmium berkisar 0,22-1,73 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran didapatkan bahwa parameter kualitas air kelas III berdasarkan PP Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 dari ketiga stasiun masuk pada kategori tercemar sedang. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan hematologi didapatkan hasil eritrosit berkisar 1.060.000-2.713.333 sel/mm3, leukosit berkisar 68.683-172.517 sel/mm3, hemoglobin berkisar 3,0-7,2 g%, hematokrit berkisar 15,3-22,6%, dan mikronuklei 18-59 sel/1000. Hasil pengukuran kadmium pada insang ikan didapatkan sebesar berkisar 6,05 - 9,08 mg/kg dan pada hati ikan sebesar 8,37 – 11,69 mg/kg, sedangkan kadar MT pada organ insang berkisar 5,860 – 8,688 ng/mL dan pada hati ikan berkisar 7,110-8,344 ng/mL. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu status pencemaran di hilir sungai welang masuk pada kategori tercemar sedang. Status kesehatan ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) dilihat dari profil hematologi ikan sudah mengalami penurunan kesehatan ikan keting dihilir sungai welang. Hasil kadar metallothionein tertinggi pada insang ikan di stasiun 3 daerah tambak perikanan berkisar 8,688 ng/mL dan terendah di dapatkan di stasiun 1 di dekat Industri PT CARMA WIRA JATIM yaitu 5,860 ng/mL sedangkan metallothionein tertinggi pada hati didapatkan di stasiun 1 di dekat Industri PT CARMA WIRA JATIM yaitu 8,344 ng/mL dan terendah di stasiun 3 di daerah tambak perikanan yaitu 7,110 ng/mL. Hubungan kualitas air dengan hematologi ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) dengan analisis regresi dan korelasi sederhana menunjukkan bahwa eritrosit dan leukosit memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter suhu, TSS dan kadmium. Hb memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter TSS dan kadmium. Hematokrit memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter amonia dan kadmium. Mikronuklei memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter kadmium. Hubungan logam kadmium pada organ dengan metallothionein (MT) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan, yang artinya logam kadmium pada organ insang dan hati berkorelasi yang kuat dengan kadar metallothionein pada organ insang dan hati ikan. Saran yang perlu diberikan pada penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat di himbau untuk melakukan pengawasan dan pengontrolan tentang pembuangan limbah dari kegiatan masyarakat terutama limbah industri yang mengandung logam kadmium. Masyarakat di sekitar sungai juga disarankan untuk mengkonsumsi ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) yang dibudidayakan, karena ikan keting (Mystus nigriceps) hasil tangkapan di sungai welang sudah terakumulasi logam kadmium.
English Abstract
Along with the development of technology and industry, in addition to bringing benefits to improve human welfare, it also poses major problems such as environmental impacts because the waste produced by these industries contains various pollutants such as heavy metals that enter the waters through rivers. The increase in heavy metal levels in water is followed by an increase in heavy metals in the body of fish and other biota. Water pollution by heavy metals will cause the fish that live in it to be polluted. This study aims to analyze and assess the condition of water quality, fish health as seen from the hematological profile and levels of MT in keting fish (Mystus nigriceps) in the lower reaches of the Welang River. The research was conducted in September - October 2021 in Purworejo sub-district, Pasuruan Regency, East Java. The method used is a survey method with descriptive data analysis. Determination of observation stations using purposive sampling method. Station 1 is located near PT CARMA WIRA JATIM Industry, station 2 is located by a small river where agricultural waste dumps is also close to the boat dock in Tambakrejo Village, and station 3 is located in a fish pond area around the Welang river body. Water quality parameters can be seen from physical parameters (temperature and TSS), and chemical parameters (pH, DO, nitrate, ammonia, BOD, and heavy metal Cd). The results of water quality parameters were analyzed using the IP pollution index method to see the pollution status of the Welang river. Fish health parameters are seen from the hematological profile, namely: erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and micronuclei (MN). MT levels in fish were seen from the gills and liver of fish. The results of water quality research are temperatures ranging from 29.0-31.1 0C, TSS ranging from 30-141 mg/l, pH ranging from 7.7 to 8.6, DO ranging from 5.8 to 6.6 mg/l, nitrate ranging from 0.068 -0.280mg/l, BOD ranged from 6.22-10.2, and cadmium ranged from 0.22-1.73 mg/l. Based on the measurement results, it was found that the class III water quality parameters based on PP No. 22 of 2021 from the three stations were in the moderately polluted category. Based on the results of hematological observations, it was found that erythrocytes ranged from 1,060,000 to 2,713,333 cells/mm3, leukocytes ranged from 68,683-172,517 cells/mm3, hemoglobin ranged from 3.0 to 7.2 g%, hematocrit ranged from 15.3-22.6%. , and 18–59 cells/1000 micronuclei. The results of measurements of cadmium in fish gills were obtained in the range of 6.05 - 9.08 mg/kg and in fish livers of 8.37 - 11.69 mg/kg. Meanwhile, MT levels in the gills ranged from 5.860 to 8.688 ng/mL and in fish livers from 7.110-8.344 ng/mL. The conclusion of this study is that the status of pollution in the lower reaches of the Welang river is in the moderately polluted category. The health status of the keting fish (Mystus nigriceps) seen from the hematological profile of the fish has decreased the health of the keting fish in the lower reaches of the Welang river. The highest levels of metallothionein in fish gills in the pond area of station 3 ranged from 8,688 ng/mL and the lowest was found at station 1 near PT CARMA WIRA JATIM Industry, which was 5,860 ng/mL, while the highest metallothionein was found in the liver. found at station 1 at PT CARMA Industri. WIRA JATIM is 8,344 ng/mL and the lowest is at station 3 in the pond area, which is 7,110 ng/mL. Air quality with hematology of catfish (Mystus nigriceps) with simple regression and correlation analysis showed that erythrocytes and leukocytes had a significant effect on temperature parameters, TSS and cadmium. Hb significantly affected the TSS and cadmium parameters. Hematocrit significantly affects the parameters of ammonia and cadmium. The micronucleus has a significant influence on the cadmium parameters. The relationship between metal cadmium in organs and metallothionein (MT) had a significant effect, meaning that metal cadmium in the gills and liver was strongly correlated with metallothionein levels in the gills and liver of fish. Suggestions that need to be given in this study are that the community is urged to supervise and control the disposal of waste from community activities, especially industrial waste containing cadmium metal. Communities around the river are also advised to consume cultured keting fish (Mystus nigriceps), because cadmium fish (Mystus nigriceps) caught in the Welang river have accumulated metal cadmium.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Magister) |
|---|---|
| Identification Number: | 0422080012 |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology (Applied sciences) > 639 Hunting, fishing & conservation > 639.3 Culture of cold-blooded vertebrates |
| Divisions: | S2/S3 > Magister Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan |
| Depositing User: | soegeng sugeng |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Apr 2023 06:29 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Apr 2023 06:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/197936 |
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